Boucher, Daniel. “Dharmarakṣa and the Transmission of Buddhism to China.” In China at the Crossroads: A Festschrift in Honor of Victor H. Mair. Special issue of Asia Major, 3rd Ser., 19, no. 1-2 (2006): 13-37.
| Assertion | Argument | Place in source | Search |
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The 23 texts appearing on this list are all given dates in CZSJJ between the years 303 and 305. Boucher does not give his sources for individual dates in this list, saying only "I will coordinate the list of his translation corpus provided by Sengyou...with the preserved colophons that provide information on the dates and locations at which some texts were translated." [However, all dates appear in a list of Dharmarakṣa’s works at CSZJJ T2145:55.7b12-9c24. There, with the sole exception of that for T435, the Taishō apparatus indicates that these dates are found only in alternate witnesses, usually the Song, Yuan and Ming together, but not in the Korean---MR.] Boucher says of texts on this list (28-29): "From 303 to 305 there appears to be a rash of rapidly completed short texts. However, there are several reasons why we might be suspicious of these records. First, it was precisely during this period that northern China was in a desperate state of political and social turmoil. The Xiongnu and Xianbei had forced the emperor to flee the capital in 304, ravaging Luoyang before turning westward to attach Chang'an in 306. Although this by no means proves that Dharmarakṣa could not have found safe haven in which to continue his translation work, conditions would certainly have been far from ideal. Second, some of our records of these translations are in doubt. For example, the Shelifu huiguo jing that is currently extant is attributed to An Shigao but almost certainly postdates both him and Dharmarakṣa [no reference given]. If this is the same text referred to by Sengyou, it is a mistaken attribution. Also, the dates of all the texts translated in 304 except Yanjingding jing are uncertain; they refer either to dates that are not known to exist from our calendrical sources (e.g. the third year of the Tai'an 太安 period) or to dates that are ambiguous." Boucher's list, with his Sanskrit equivalents for the titles where he proposes on, and Chu sanzang ji ji (T2145) loci [not provided by Boucher], is as follows: 樓炭經 Lokasthāna-sūtra [listed as lost in CSZJJ 8c20] [The CSZJJ note applying to all these texts reads: |
25-26, 28-29 |
The 23 texts appearing on this list are all given dates in CZSJJ between the years 303 and 305. Boucher does not give his sources for individual dates in this list, saying only "I will coordinate the list of his translation corpus provided by Sengyou...with the preserved colophons that provide information on the dates and locations at which some texts were translated." [However, all dates appear in a list of Dharmaraksa’s works at CSZJJ T2145:55.7b12-9c24. There, with the sole exception of that for T435, the Taisho apparatus indicates that these dates are found only in alternate witnesses, usually the Song, Yuan and Ming together, but not in the Korean---MR.] Boucher says of texts on this list (28-29): "From 303 to 305 there appears to be a rash of rapidly completed short texts. However, there are several reasons why we might be suspicious of these records. First, it was precisely during this period that northern China was in a desperate state of political and social turmoil. The Xiongnu and Xianbei had forced the emperor to flee the capital in 304, ravaging Luoyang before turning westward to attach Chang'an in 306. Although this by no means proves that Dharmaraksa could not have found safe haven in which to continue his translation work, conditions would certainly have been far from ideal. Second, some of our records of these translations are in doubt. For example, the Shelifu huiguo jing that is currently extant is attributed to An Shigao but almost certainly postdates both him and Dharmaraksa [no reference given]. If this is the same text referred to by Sengyou, it is a mistaken attribution. Also, the dates of all the texts translated in 304 except Yanjingding jing are uncertain; they refer either to dates that are not known to exist from our calendrical sources (e.g. the third year of the Tai'an 太安 period) or to dates that are ambiguous." Boucher's list, with his Sanskrit equivalents for the titles where he proposes on, and Chu sanzang ji ji (T2145) loci [not provided by Boucher], is as follows: 樓炭經 Lokasthana-sutra [listed as lost in CSZJJ 8c20] 順權方便經 Strivivartavyakarana-sutra T565 [CSZJJ 8b4 and n. 6] 五百弟子本起經 Anavatapta-gatha T199 [CSZJJ 8b5-6 and n. 8] 佛為菩薩五夢經 [T310(4)?, CSZJJ 8b7 and n. 9] 如幻三昧經 Susthitamatipariprccha-sutra T342 [CSZJJ 8b9 and n. 10] 彌勒本願經 *Maitreyapariprccha-sutra T349 [CSZJJ 8b10 and n. 11] 舍利弗悔過經 [CSZJJ 8b11 and n. 12; cf. T1492, ascribed to An Shigao] 胞胎經 Garbhavikrantinirdesa-sutra? T317 [CSZJJ 8b12 and n. 13] 十地經 Dasabhumika-sutra? [or 菩薩十地經, CSZJJ 8b13; =漸備一切智德經 T285?] 嚴淨定經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9a2] 賈客經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b11] 更出阿闍世王經 [= 普超經 T627? CSZJJ 7b25-c1] 滅十方冥經 Dasadigandhakaravidvamsana-sutra T435 [CSZJJ 8a20] --- dated in the K line of CSZJJ 摩調王經 Mahadevaraja-sutra [Boucher has in error Motianwang jing 摩天王經; listed as extant at CSZJJ 8b24; a note says that this text is taken from the Liu du ji jing 六度集 T152; no such independent sutra is extant under Dharmaraksa’s name, but T152 does contain a text of this title, T152(87), T152:3.48b25 ff.] 照明三昧經 [CSZJJ 8b26] 所欲致患經 T737 [CSZJJ 8c1] 人所從來經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b12] 十等藏經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b15] 鴈王五百鴈俱經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b16] 誡具經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b17] 決道俗經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b18] 猛施經 [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b19] 城喻經 Nagaropama-sutra [listed as lost in CSZJJ 9b20] [The CSZJJ note applying to all these texts reads: 合二件。凡一百五十四部。合三百九卷。晉武帝時。沙門竺法護。到西域得胡本還。自太始中至懷帝永嘉二年。以前所譯出。祐捃摭群錄。遇護公所出更得四部。安錄先闕。今條入錄中。安公云。遭亂錄散小小錯涉。故知今之所獲審是護出也. T2145:55.9b28-c4.] Cheng yu jing 城喻經 Gengchu Asheshi wang jing 更出阿闍世王經 Guke jing 賈客經 Jie ju jing 誡具經 Jue dao su jing 決道俗經 Loutan jing 樓炭經 Meng shi jing 猛施經 ; 猛施道地經 Motiao wang jing 摩調王經 Ren suoconglai jing 人所從來經 Shelifu hui guo jing 舍利弗悔過經 Shi deng zang jing 十等藏經 Shi di jing 十地經; Pusa shi di jing 菩薩十地經 T0199; 佛五百弟子自說本起經; 五百弟子自說本末經 T0317; 佛說胞胎經; 胞胎受身經 T0342; 佛說如幻三昧經 T0349; 彌勒菩薩所問本願經 T0435; 佛說滅十方冥經 T0565; 順權女經; 順權方便經 T0737; 所欲致患經 T310(4); Jingju taizi hui 淨居天子會; Svapna-nirdesa Yan jing ding jing 嚴淨定經 Yan wang wubai yan ju jing 鴈王五百鴈俱經 Zhaoming sanmei jing 照明三昧經 |
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Boucher notes that the extant text of this title (T1492) is ascribed to An Shigao, and suggests that there therefore may be a problem with this record [cf. CSZJJ 8b11 and n. 12]. |
29 |
Boucher notes that the extant text of this title (T1492) is ascribed to An Shigao, and suggests that there therefore may be a problem with this record [cf. CSZJJ 8b11 and n. 12]. Shelifu hui guo jing 舍利弗悔過經 |
Against Palumbo (2003), Boucher says, "Palumbo deals at great length with the seeming inconsistencies between this record and other notices concerning Dharmarakṣa’s translation work, though these inconsistencies do not necessarily call the authenticity of this record into question in my opinion." |
15 n. 6 |
Against Palumbo (2003), Boucher says, "Palumbo deals at great length with the seeming inconsistencies between this record and other notices concerning Dharmaraksa’s translation work, though these inconsistencies do not necessarily call the authenticity of this record into question in my opinion." T0588; 佛說須真天子經; Suvikrantacinta devaputra pariprccha |