Heirman refers to Hirakawa, Ritsuzō no kenkyū (1970): 273-274, who "points out...that it cannot be totally excluded that [T1478] is a Chinese compilation." Heirman herself notes that the text contains "many elements" that “refer to Mahāyāna ideas”. She also notes an extensive list of features of the story that have changed, in comparison with earlier versions. These have the overall effect of increasing the apparent misogyny of the text.
Heirman refers to Hirakawa, Ritsuzo no kenkyu (1970): 273-274, who "points out...that it cannot be totally excluded that [T1478] is a Chinese compilation." Heirman herself notes that the text contains "many elements" that “refer to Mahayana ideas”. She also notes an extensive list of features of the story that have changed, in comparison with earlier versions. These have the overall effect of increasing the apparent misogyny of the text. Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 T1478; 大愛道比丘尼經; 大愛道受誠經; 大愛道經