Source: Franke 1990

Franke, Herbert. "The Taoist Elements in the Buddhist Great Bear Sūtra." Asia Major, series III, 1 (1990): 75-111.

Assertions

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"...a non-canonical Buddhist text that invokes the gods of the seven starts of Ursa Major." Under the Yuan, translated into Mongolian, Tibetan and Uighur. "I try to demonstrate that at least some sections of the Chinese text are derived from Taoist literature." "It is certainly no coincidence that the Buddhist texts where our star names appear (Taisho nos. 1305, 1306, 1306, 1310 and 1311) have been reprinted from Japanese manuscripts and editions. None of these texts is, according to the colophons, attested earlier than the twelfth-century manuscripts found in Japanese monasteries." "[T1306] quotes a Book of Destiny (Lu-ming shu 錄命書), which shows some relationship with the description in chüan 6 of the Pao-p'u tzu....The borrowing from Taoism is even more obvious in [T1311]." "I...venture to suggest that a Buddhist Pei-tou ching, a prototype of Taisho no. 1307, was composed after 1281 but prior to 1313. Its compiler adopted elements of the Great Bear cult as found in Taoist texts and gave it the Buddhist form of a pseudo-sūtra purportedly preached by the Buddha himself..."

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"...a non-canonical Buddhist text that invokes the gods of the seven starts of Ursa Major." Under the Yuan, translated into Mongolian, Tibetan and Uighur. "I try to demonstrate that at least some sections of the Chinese text are derived from Taoist literature." "It is certainly no coincidence that the Buddhist texts where our star names appear (Taisho nos. 1305, 1306, 1306, 1310 and 1311) have been reprinted from Japanese manuscripts and editions. None of these texts is, according to the colophons, attested earlier than the twelfth-century manuscripts found in Japanese monasteries." "[T1306] quotes a Book of Destiny (Lu-ming shu 錄命書), which shows some relationship with the description in chuan 6 of the Pao-p'u tzu....The borrowing from Taoism is even more obvious in [T1311]." "I...venture to suggest that a Buddhist Pei-tou ching, a prototype of Taisho no. 1307, was composed after 1281 but prior to 1313. Its compiler adopted elements of the Great Bear cult as found in Taoist texts and gave it the Buddhist form of a pseudo-sutra purportedly preached by the Buddha himself..." T1305; 北斗七星念誦儀軌 T1306; 北斗七星護摩祕要儀軌 T1307; 佛說北斗七星延命經 T1310; 北斗七星護摩法 T1311; 梵天火羅九曜