Source: Wang-Toutain 1997

Wang-Toutain, Françoise. Le bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha en Chine du VIe siècle au XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, 1997.

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Zhiru has reported that Wang-Toutain casts doubts upon the ascription of T411 to Xuanzang. In fact, however, all Wang-Toutain says is: (a) The bulk of Xuanzang's translations were of systematic and philosophical texts (she does not draw any direct inferences from this fact about the ascription of T411); (b) It is possible that Xuanzang had contact with some adherents of the Three Stages movement, for whom T411 (and T410) was important; (c) It is likely (Wang-Toutain argues) that Xuanzang merely oversaw some translations, and that the choice of some texts to be translated was made by his disciples. None of this implies that the text was not a product of the Xuanzang workshop; nowhere does Wang-Toutain suggest any alternative scenario for the translation of the text; and her remarks about the possible dynamics behind the selection and translation of the text are quite speculative.

"La plupart de ces textes étaient d'ordre philosophique et représentaient des systèmes de pensée hautement élaborés et d'une extrême technicité. Il se peut que Xuanzang ait eu des contacts avec des moines de l'École des Trois Degrés. On sait que durant l'ère wude (618-627), il alla à Xiangzhou, la patrie de Xinxing, où résidaient de nombreux disciples de ce dernier. Xuanzang les rencontra peut-être. Mais je pense qu'il vaut mieux prendre en compte le fait que certains de ses disciples avaient des rapports étroits avec l'École des Trois Degrés. Beaucoup de traductions attribuées à Xuanzang ne furent probablement que supervisées par lu i, et le choix des textes à traduire était parfois le fait des collaborateurs."

The association between Xuanzang's group and Sanjie adherents is strengthened by the fact that, as Wang-Toutain goes on to show, Sinbang 神昉, who was a member of Xuanzang's team, had possible Sanjie leanings. Sinbang was bishou 筆受 for the translation of T411 (among other texts that he is named as a collaborator for), and authored the preface still transmitted with the text in T. He is reported to have written a commentary on the text. He is reported to have engaged in Sanjie-like practices, and fragments of his writings have been analysed by Yabuki as evincing Sanjie vocabulary.

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 Zhiru has reported that Wang-Toutain casts doubts upon the ascription of T411 to Xuanzang. In fact, however, all Wang-Toutain says is: (a) The bulk of Xuanzang's translations were of systematic and philosophical texts (she does not draw any direct inferences from this fact about the ascription of T411); (b) It is possible that Xuanzang had contact with some adherents of the Three Stages movement, for whom T411 (and T410) was important; (c) It is likely (Wang-Toutain argues) that Xuanzang merely oversaw some translations, and that the choice of some texts to be translated was made by his disciples. None of this implies that the text was not a product of the Xuanzang workshop; nowhere does Wang-Toutain suggest any alternative scenario for the translation of the text; and her remarks about the possible dynamics behind the selection and translation of the text are quite speculative. "La plupart de ces textes etaient d'ordre philosophique et representaient des systemes de pensee hautement elabores et d'une extreme technicite. Il se peut que Xuanzang ait eu des contacts avec des moines de l'Ecole des Trois Degres. On sait que durant l'ere wude (618-627), il alla a Xiangzhou, la patrie de Xinxing, ou residaient de nombreux disciples de ce dernier. Xuanzang les rencontra peut-etre. Mais je pense qu'il vaut mieux prendre en compte le fait que certains de ses disciples avaient des rapports etroits avec l'Ecole des Trois Degres. Beaucoup de traductions attribuees a Xuanzang ne furent probablement que supervisees par lu i, et le choix des textes a traduire etait parfois le fait des collaborateurs." The association between Xuanzang's group and Sanjie adherents is strengthened by the fact that, as Wang-Toutain goes on to show, Sinbang 神昉, who was a member of Xuanzang's team, had possible Sanjie leanings. Sinbang was bishou 筆受 for the translation of T411 (among other texts that he is named as a collaborator for), and authored the preface still transmitted with the text in T. He is reported to have written a commentary on the text. He is reported to have engaged in Sanjie-like practices, and fragments of his writings have been analysed by Yabuki as evincing Sanjie vocabulary. T0411; 大乘大集地藏十輪經