Text: Sanshi’er xiang jing 三十二相經, Pusa sanshi’er xiang jing 菩薩三十二相經. Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing 三十二相因縁經

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• Sanshi’er xiang jing 三十二相經, Pusa sanshi’er xiang jing 菩薩三十二相經. Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing 三十二相因縁經

Hayashiya's summary of the content of the catalogues on this and related titles is as follows:

Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures 新集安公失譯經録 lists a Sanshi’er xiang jing 三十二相經, with the alternate title Pusa sanshi’er xiang jing 菩薩三十二相經. Sengyou also lists a Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing 三十二相因縁經in the category of extant texts in the catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures 失譯雜經錄, with a comment that there are no substantial differences 大同小異 between the titles and the Sanshi’er xiang jing 三十二相經. Hayashiya points out that, generally, when Sengyou states that two texts are largely the same 大同小異, the differences between the texts are due merely to transmission errors, so that the differences between the Sanshi’er xiang jing and the the Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing were probably insignificant.

Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu usually regards titles other than the main title as mere alternate titles when Sengyou says that texts are 大同小異. However, in this case, Fajing lists both the the Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing and the Pusa sanshi’er xiang jing in its "Mahāyāna sūtrapiṭaka catalogue" 大乗修多羅藏錄. Hayashiya points out that the Pusa... is clearly the Sanshi’er xiang jing of Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures, and that Fajing listed the two titles separately just in order to avoid making a mistake, since in Fajing’s time, both of the texts were lost and the original body of the text 大經 was not identified.

Yancong (仁壽録) and Jingtai listed the two titles in the group of Mahāyāna offshoot excerpt scriptures 大乗別生抄經, and the Datang neidian lu 内典録 did not even list the titles in its catalogues of the extant canon 現藏錄. Hayashiya maintains that these facts also reflect that the scriptures were not available in their times. This is because, according to Hayashiya, as far as Yancong, Jingtai and the Datang neidian lu are concerned, when an offshoot text is extant while the original main text 大經 is not listed in the extant canon, usually the offshoot text is not listed as an offshoot excerpt but as a single text (so that the Sanshi’er xiang jing should be regarded as lost, since it is not listed as a single text). Thus, Hayashiya asserts that the scripture was extant at the time of Sengyou, but lost in the Sui period and thereafter. No catalogue managed to give any ascription of the text.

However, LDSBJ lists two Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing, one as an anonymous scripture of the Latter Han 後漢 period, and the other (with the alternate title Pusa sanshi’er xiang jing 菩薩三十二相經) as the work of Dharmarakṣa 竺法護. Fei Changfang 費長房 states that the former title is the Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing of the catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures, and the latter is the Sanshi’er xiang jing of Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures. Nonetheless, he does not show any grounds for ascribing the two titles to the Latter Han 後漢 period and Dharmarakṣa respectively.

KYL includes the title Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing in a group of sixty-six texts that are categorized as anonymous scriptures of the Latter Han 後漢 period by Fei (125 titles in total), but should be excised. The catalogue states that the Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing is the work of Dharmarakṣa, referring to Dao’an’s catalogue and LDSBJ. It also lists the title with the same ascription in the group of single lost translations of Mahāyāna scriptures 有譯無本大乗經單譯闕本 of 別分乗藏錄. Thus, KYL regarded the two entries in LDSBJ as referring to the same text, and excised the one classified as an anonymous scripture of the Latter Han 後漢 period. Hayashiya points that KYL is right in thinking that there are not two different Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing, but it is incorrect in keeping the ascription to Dharmarakṣa, since its source is the unreliable description in LDSBJ.

Hayashiya asserts that LDSBJ is incorrect in regarding the Sanshi’er xiang jing in Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures and the Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing in the catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures as different texts, and that both of the ascriptions that LDSBJ gives to the posited two entries are also incorrect. Thus, he concludes that the text should be reclassified as an anonymous scripture of the W. Jin period or earlier, based on the fact that it is listed in Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures, rejecting the ascription to Dharmarakṣa.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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• Title: Sanshi’er xiang jing 三十二相經, Pusa sanshi’er xiang jing 菩薩三十二相經. Sanshi’er xiang yinyuan jing 三十二相因縁經
• People: Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 (unspecified)
• Date: W. Jin 西晋