Text: T0313; 阿閦佛國經

No

[Zürcher 1991]  Zürcher, Erik. "A New Look at the Earliest Chinese Buddhist Texts." in Koichi Shinohara and Gregory Schopen, eds. From Benares to Beijing: Essays on Buddhism and Chinese Religion in Honour of Prof. Jan Yün-hua, 277-304. Oakville, Canada: Mosaic Press, 1991. — 279, 298

• T0313; 阿閦佛國經

Zürcher argues that *Lokakṣema’s Achu Fo guo jing 阿閦佛國經 T313 [Akṣobhyavyūha] is one of a group of twenty-nine texts which can be considered “genuine” Han translations. Zürcher reaches this conclusion by a “critical selection” process which requires reliable bibliographic attribution, alongside corroborating evidence from glosses, colophons, prefaces, or commentaries; as well as internal “terminological and stylistic analysis” to identify distinctive features particular to certain translator’s teams. He adds that T313 is a “'Pure Land’ type sūtra devoted to the glorification of Akṣobhya, the Buddha of the Eastern paradise.”

Entry author: Sophie Florence

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• People: *Lokakṣema, 支婁迦讖 (translator 譯)

No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

• T0313; 阿閦佛國經

Entry author: Michael Radich

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• Title: 阿閦佛國經
• People: *Lokakṣema, 支婁迦讖 (translator 譯)
• Identifier: T0313

Yes

[Nattier 2008]  Nattier, Jan. A Guide to the Earliest Chinese Buddhist Translations: Texts from the Eastern Han 東漢 and Three Kingdoms 三國 Periods. Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica X. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2008.

• T0313; 阿閦佛國經

Ascribed to Lokakṣema, but discussed by Nattier (2008):84-86 in tandem with T418 as problematic, and probably revised. She suggests that the two may form a "rhetorical community" with T632, which also shares similar features. This text abounds in non-Lokakṣema vocab more than any of the other texts discussed. Vocab is consistent throughout. At the very least, "it has surely been thoroughly revised".

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 101-102

• T0224; 道行般若經
• T0280; 佛說兜沙經
• T0313; 阿閦佛國經
• T0417; Pratyutpannabuddhasammukhāvasthitasamādhi-sūtra; 般舟三昧經
• T0418; 般舟三昧經
• T0458; 文殊師利問菩薩署經
• T0624; Dun zhentuoluo jing 伅眞陀羅經; Dun zhentuoluo suowen bao rulai jing 伅眞陀羅所問寶如來經; 佛說伅真陀羅所問如來三昧經; Dun zhentuoluo suowen bao rulai sanmei jing 伅眞陀羅所問寶如來三昧經
• T0807; 佛說內藏百寶經

According to Sakaino, Dao’an endorsed twelve texts as the works of *Lokakṣema 支讖, seven of which are extant.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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• People: *Lokakṣema, 支婁迦讖 (translator 譯)

No

[Bie lu (DH mss)]  "Liu Song" Zhongjing bie lu 劉宋眾經別錄, S.2872, P.3747. Dating complex and unclear.

• T0313; 阿閦佛國經

In the "Liu Song" Zhongjing bie lu 劉宋眾經別錄, as represented by a Dunhuang manuscript fragment, P.3747, the following title appears: 阿閦佛國經二卷 (title #19 in the numbering given to the Bie lu manuscript in the transcription of Tan 1991). This title corresponds to T313. The title is followed by an interlinear note:

漢靈帝時月支國沙門支誠譯出

In CSZJJ, wording very close to this is part of the note used to cover the whole Lokakṣema list of 13 titles: 漢桓帝靈帝時。月支國沙門支讖所譯出, T2145 (LV) 6b25-26. It is noteworthy that T313 is not the last title in the CSZJJ list. The verbatim correspondence of wording between these two sources raises interesting but difficult questions about the chronological priority between the Bie lu and CSZJJ. A further difficult question is whether one of the two directly borrowed from the other, or whether they drew on a common third source. Consideration of these questions must take into consideration the fact that the Bie lu, as witnessed in two Dunhuang fragments, contains a number of notes displaying such correspondences to the wording of CSZJJ.

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Fang and Lu 2023]  Fang Yixin 方一新 and Lu Lu 盧鹭. “Jin shiyu nian cong yuyan jiaodu kaobian keyi Fojing chengguo de huigu yu zhanwang” 近十余年從語言角度考辨可疑佛經成果的回顧與展望.” Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences Online Edition), Jan. 2023: 1–24. — 6

• T0313; 阿閦佛國經

In a survey article of scholarship on questions of attribution in the Chinese canon published in the last decade, Fang and Lu state that Karashima argues that in the Achu Fo guo jing 阿閦佛國經 T313, the first-person pronoun 吾 is used multiple times, while in reliable translations of Lokakṣema, only 我 is used. They refer to

Karashima Seishi 辛島靜志. “Zaoqi hanyi Fodian de yuyan yanjiu—yi Zhiloujiachen ji Zhi Qian de yijing duibi wei zhongxin” 早期漢譯佛典的語言研究——以支婁迦讖及支謙的譯經對比為中心. In Hanyu shi xuebao 漢語史學報, edited by Zhejiang daxue Hanyu shi yanjiu zhongxin 浙江大學漢語史研究中心, 225–237. Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe, 2010.

Entry author: Mengji Huang

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