Text: T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經

No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

• Title: 佛說菩薩十住經
• People: *Gītamitra, 祇多蜜, 祇多羅 (translator 譯)
• Identifier: T0284

No

[Nattier 2007]  Nattier, Jan. "Indian Antecedents of Huayan Thought: New Light from Chinese Sources." In Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, edited by Imre Hamar, 109-138. Weisbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經

This text borrows almost the entirely of T283 word-for-word (probably, in fact, indirectly via T1487); it is thus a Chinese composition.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936]  Ono Genmyō 小野玄妙, Maruyama Takao 丸山孝雄, eds. Bussho kaisetsu daijiten 佛書解說大辭典. Tokyo: Daitō shuppan, 1933-1936 [縮刷版 1999]. — s.v., Vol.9, 401-402 (Wada Tetsujō 和田徹城)

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經

According to Wada Tetsujō 和田徹城, the Pusa shi zhu xing dao pin 菩薩十住行道品 T283 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa 竺法護 is an alternate translation 異出 of the Pusa shi zhu jing 菩薩十住經 T284 ascribed to *Gītamitra 祇多蜜 (with minor differences), and an alternate version 別本 of the Shi di pin disan 十地品第三 of the Pusa benye jing 菩薩本業經 T281 translated by Zhi Qian. Thus the content of T283 corresponds to Daśabhūmika chapter of the *Buddhāvataṃsaka in sixty juan 六十華厳十住品 (juan 巻 8) and the Daśabhūmika chapter of the *Buddhāvataṃsaka in eighty juan 八十華厳十住品 (juan 16). Wada thinks that the three texts, viz., T284, T283 and the Shi di pin disan of T281, show an earlier stage of the development of the *Buddhāvataṃsaka 華厳經, since the contents of practices in the ten bhūmis 住地 in the three texts are quite different from those in the two versions of the *Buddhāvataṃsaka. Also, the three texts have many differences from one another in their contents. Based on those observations, Wada claims that, although the catalogues ascribe T284 to *Gītamitra as a second translation or "re-issue" 第二出 of T283, they should not be treated as alternate translations of the same text.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

• People: *Gītamitra, 祇多蜜, 祇多羅 (translator 譯)

No

[Bagchi 1927]  Bagchi, Prabodh Chandra. Le canon bouddhique en Chine: Les traducteurs et les traductions. Sino-Indica: Publications de l’Université de Calcutta, Tome 1er. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1927. — 349-351

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經
• T0637; 佛說寶如來三昧經

CSZJJ knows only one work ascribed to *Gītamitra, viz. a Pu men pin jing 普門品經, which is lost [T2145:55.12a18-20]. This means that for both of the extant works ascribed to *Gītamitra, viz. 寶如來三昧經 T637 and 菩薩十住經 T284, the ascription is first found in LDSBJ.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 261-265

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經
• T0315; 佛說普門品經
• T0637; 佛說寶如來三昧經

Sakaino begins by noting that the original of the “Larger Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra” 大品 =光讚經 T222 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa was probably brought to China from Khotan 于闐 by *Gītamitra(?) 祇多羅, a monk of Khotanese birth. The name 祇多羅 refers to the same person as 祇多蜜 recorded in the catalogues. However, Sakaino argues that *Gītamitra probably never translated any texts himself. This would imply that the ascriptions to *Gītamitra presently carried by T284 and T637 are erroneous. CSZJJ lists just one title, the Pu men jing 普門經 as the work of *Gitamitra (cf. T315 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa). LDSBJ, by contrast, ascribes 25 titles in 46 juan to him. KYL subsequently accepts most of these ascriptions, listing 13 titles in 45 juan as his work, excising only “offshoot” or “byproduct” scriptures 別生 from the ascriptions given in LDSBJ.

Sakaino argues that the ascriptions to *Gitamitra given by LDSBJ are highly likely to be fabrications on Fei's part. He shows that as many as 21 out of the 25 titles ascribed to *Gitamitra in LDSBJ overlap with scriptures ascribed to Dharmarakṣa in the same work. In Sakaino's view, this clearly indicates that the ascriptions to *Gitamitra were mistakenly mixed up 誤傳混雜 with those to Dharmarakṣa. Even the single title that CSZJJ also ascribed to *Gitamitra, viz., the 普門經, might be confused with Dharmarakṣa’s 普門經 in LDSBJ. Sakaino claims that it is virtually impossible that two scholars who were active in the same region in the same time translated so many of the same texts, and that here again, we see clearly the unreliability of LDSBJ.

Sakaino suggests that it is possible that *Gitamitra was somehow involved in Dharmarakṣa's translation project, but also, that this claim is impossible to prove, since Dharmarakṣa's biography does not mention him. Sakaino also gives further detailed discussion of the sources of confusion about some individual titles (no longer extant) on the LDSBJ list of *Gitamitra's works.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

• People: Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 (unspecified)

No

[Ōno 1954]  Ōno Hōdō 大野法道. Daijō kai kyō no kenkyū 大乗戒経の研究. Tokyo: Risōsha 理想社, 1954. — 154, 157-158

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經

The Pusa nei jie jing 菩薩内戒經 T1487 is divided into two parts, the “section on preaching the Dharma in the twelve times” 十二時説法部 and the “section on the ten stages” 十住部. According to Ōno, after T1487 took its present form [with the addition of the latter section], the Pusa shi zhu jing 菩薩十住經 (T284) was produced by excerpting the Shi zhu bu 十住部 from T1487. T284 is identical with that section of T1487, except for its liutong (final) section 流通分, and even the liutong is taken from the earlier “twelve times” section 十二時説法部 of T1487, just adding the words er qu 而去. Thus, T284 is definitely an excerpt text produced in China 中國抄出, and the ascription to *Gītamitra 祇多密 in the Taishō (first given in LDSBJ) is mistaken.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

No

[Su 1995]  Su Jinren 蘇晉仁. "Xuyan" 序言. In Su Jinren and Xiao Lianzi 蕭鍊子, eds. Chu sanzang ji ji 出三蔵記集. Zhongguo Fojiao dianji xuankan 中國佛教典籍選刊, 1-32. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1995. — 19

• T0283; 菩薩十住行道品
• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經
• T2145; 出三藏記集

At the end of the list of Buddhabhadra texts in Fascicle 2, CSZJJ explicitly counts ten texts 十部。凡六十七, T2145 (LV) 11c22. However, Su Jinren points out that there are in fact 11 texts on the list. He points out that Zhisheng in KYL refers to CSZJJ for all but on of the titles on the list, namely, the 菩薩十住經, 11c16. On this basis, he proposes that this title was added to the list later. (Cf. T283, T284.)

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Nattier 2006a]  Nattier, Jan. “The Proto-History of the Buddhāvataṃsaka: The Pusa benye jing and the Dousha jing .” ARIRIAB 8 (2006): 323-360. — 332 n. 28

• T0284; 佛說菩薩十住經

T284 has virtually the same content as T283, but where the discourse is in the mouth of Dharmamati in T283, in T284, it is placed in the mouth of the Buddha, and the explanation of the ten stages of the bodhisattva path is presented as a response to a question from Mañjuśrī. T284 also has a frame narrative matching material in T1487, and Nattier proposes that this material is borrowed from T1487 into T284.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit