| Identifier | T0544 [T] |
| Title | *Pratibhānamati-paripṛcchā [Radich DDB] |
| Date | 西晋 [Hayashiya 1941] |
| Unspecified | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Greene 2016] |
| Translator 譯 | Fachang, 法場 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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No |
[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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Yes |
[Radich DDB] Radich, DDB s.v. Fachang 法場 — Accessed April 2014. |
"[Fachang] ostensibly worked in Luoyang c. 500–515. He is traditionally credited with the translation of the Bianyi changzhe zi jing (Pratibhānamatiparipṛcchā) 辯意長者子經 T 544 (as seen in the Daizōkyō zen kaisetsu daijiten, Foguang Dictionary, Lancaster's Catalogue, etc.). However, Dao'an's 道安 biography in both the Gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳 and the Chu sanzang ji ji 出三藏記集 reports that when young, he amazed his teacher by memorizing this text in a single day (T 2059.50.351c8–12, T 2145.55.108a4–8); this would be anachronistic if the text were not translated until the sixth century. Moreover, Fachang is ascribed with only this one text, which can be ground for suspicion of attributions made for this period. The ascription also first appears in Fei Changfang's 費長房 often unreliable Lidai sanbao ji 歷代三寶記 (T 2034.49.85c11–13). The authors and editors of the Zhongjing mulu 衆經目錄 series do not note this ascription, but instead uniformly report that there was an old version translated by Dharmarakṣa 法護 under the Wei 魏, e.g. T 2146.55.128b11. Further, some text of this name seems to be well attested already by the opening of the sixth century or before. Sengyou 僧祐 already includes it in a list of anonymous texts that he found in Dao'an's own (lost) catalogue, T 2145.55.17b26. The Jing lü yi xiang 經律異相 also includes an excerpt, T 2121.53.190b24–c14 (it is possible this could have been from the new translation, if the dates given by the tradition for Fachang's floruit, and the ascription of the text, are accurate). In the eighth century, these various facts make Zhisheng 智昇 highly suspicious of Fei's attribution of the text to Fachang: 撰錄者曰謹按高僧等傳竝云晉時道安出家數載方啓師求經師創付辯意經一卷可五千言一覽便誦又安公失譯復載其名准此東晉之時辨意已行於世如何至魏宣武始云法場出也, T 2154.55.540b1–3. Taking these facts together, and pending examination of the language of the text, etc., it seems safest to suppose that there was probably only ever one translation of the sutra in question, which most likely was in circulation long before Fachang's time; and the ascription to Fachang is an error on Fei Changfang's part (might he have misread a cursive 護 in 法護 as 場 = 法場?)." Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[Fajing 594] Fajing 法經. Zhongjing mulu 眾經目錄 T2146. — T2146:55.128b11 |
Ascribes the text to Dharmarakṣa 竺法護 and shows the date of composition as the Wei 魏 period. [This does not make chronological sense, and it is possible 法護 is a graphic confusion for 法場.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[Fajing 594] Fajing 法經. Zhongjing mulu 眾經目錄 T2146. — T2146 (LV) 128b11 |
The Bianyi zhangzhezi jing 辯意長者子經 T544 is ascribed to Fachang 法場 of the latter Wei in the present Taishō, but Fajing's ZJML 眾經目錄 ascribes a text of nearly the same title to Dharmarakṣa, and also gives a date: 辯意長者子所問經一卷(一名長者辯意經)(魏太安年竺法護譯). According to Kawano (2006): 77, Fajing is the only catalogue that supplies a date for this supposed translation. [Indeed, so far as I can see, no other catalogue down to KYL ascribes such a title to Dharmarakṣa at all --- MR.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[Hayashiya 1941] Hayashiya Tomojirō 林屋友次郎. Kyōroku kenkyū 経録研究. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1941. — 643-647 |
A Zhangzhe Bianyi jing 長者辯意經 is included in Dao'an's list of anonymous scriptures, although Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu records it as translated by Dharmarakṣa 竺法護 and shows the date of composition as the Wei 魏 period. This date does not make sense if Dharmarakṣa was the translator. Yancong’s Zhongjing mulu lists the same item with the translator as Fachang 法場. LDSBJ 三寶記 follows this ascription. Hayashiya maintains that as Fachang 法場 lived during the Latter (N.) Wei 後魏, the name Dharmarakṣa = Fahu 法護 in Fajing is highly likely to be a misspelling of Fachang 法場. Hayashiya identifies Fashang's catalogue 法上錄 as the initial source of the view that Fachang 法場 was the translator of the Zhangzhe Bianyi jing 長者辯意經 or the Bianyi zhangzhezi suowen jing 辯意長者子所問經. However, if the translator was Fachang 法場, the text cannot be the one listed by Dao'an. Thus, either Dao'an and the Fashang catalogue 法上錄 are referring to different texts, or at least one of the two catalogues is incorrect. Hayashiya argues that there is no record of alternate translations of a Bianyi jing 辯意經. The text has survived in the Taishō ascribed to 法場. Hayashiya points out that, judging from its style, it is clear that the text was produced in Dao'an's time or earlier, and cannot be by Fachang 法場. This being so, the Fashang catalogue 法上錄 must have been wrong in ascribing it to Fachang. Thus, the extant Zhangzhe Bianyi jing 長者辯意經 should be taken as an anonymous scripture of the W. Jin 西晋 period, and the Bianyi zhangzhezi suowen jing 辯意長者子所問經 translated by Fachang is probably not extant. Hayashiya also cites the KYL 開元錄 to show Zhisheng’s bewilderment as to how the text could have been translated by Fachang. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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No |
[Greene 2016] Greene, Eric M. “A Reassessment of the Early History of Chinese Buddhist Vegetarianism.” Asia Major (3rd series) 29, no. 1 (2016): 1-43. — 42-43 |
The ascription of T544 to Fachang 法場, Greene argues, cannot be correct, because the title is listed in Dao'an's catalogue, and further, is mentioned in Dao'an's biography as something he read while young. It should therefore date before 374, and may be considerably earlier. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[Link 1958] Link, Arthur E. "Biography of Shi Tao-an." T'oung Pao 46 (1958): 1-48. — 6 n. 1 |
Link notes that there is a resemblance between a text that Dao'an is said in his CSZJJ/GSZ biography to have read and memorised as a youth, the 辯意經 [T2145 (LV) 108a4-5, T2059 (L) 351c8-9], and the title of T544. He cites Tang Yongtong, who also noticed the resemblance. He also cites Zhisheng's discussion of the problems presented by this text in KYL [T2154 (LV) 540a26-b3], including the fact that the title is also included in Dao'an's catalogues. Link himself speculates that these various records must refer to two different texts. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. |
Hayashiya examines Dao’an’s list of anonymous scriptures, as “recompiled” by Sengyou under the title 新集安公失譯經錄 at CSZJJ T2145 (LV) 16c7-18c2. The Zhangzhe Bianyi jing 長者辯意經 is included in the section of the Dao'an/CSZJJ list for texts listed as extant 有; Sengyou adds an interlinear note: 舊錄云辯意長者經; 17b26. Hayashiya gives, in tabulated form, information about the treatment of the same texts in Fajing T2146, LDSBJ T2034, the KYL T2154, and his own opinion about whether or not the text is extant in T, and if so, where (by vol. and page no.). The above text is identified by Hayashiya with the Bianyi zhangzhezi jing 辯意長者[子所問 SYMP]子經 T544, attributed in the present canon (T) to Fachang 法場. Entry author: Merijn ter Haar |
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No |
[Fang and Lu 2023] Fang Yixin 方一新 and Lu Lu 盧鹭. “Jin shiyu nian cong yuyan jiaodu kaobian keyi Fojing chengguo de huigu yu zhanwang” 近十余年從語言角度考辨可疑佛經成果的回顧與展望.” Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences Online Edition), Jan. 2023: 1–24. — 14 |
In an article surveying scholarship on questions of attribution in the Chinese canon published in the last decade, Fang and Lu state that Zhang Guoliang argues that the language of the Bianyi zhangzhe zi jing 辯意長者子經 T544 differs from that of translations produced in the Northern Wei dynasty. They refer to Zhang Guoliang 張國良. “Yuan Wei yijing yiwen yanjiu” 元魏譯經異文研究. PhD diss., Hunan shifan daxue 湖南師範大學 (2016): 223–226. Entry author: Mengji Huang |
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