| Identifier | T1336 [T] |
| Title | 陀羅尼雜集 [T] |
| Date | 梁 [T] |
| Translator 譯 | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Lowe 2014] Lowe, Bryan D. “The Scripture on Saving and Protecting Body and Life: An Introduction and Translation.” Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 27 (2014): 1-34. — 16-17 |
Lowe discusses references to copying out the text on "fine paper" 好紙 as a possible sign of Chinese authorship. The only five texts in which this phrase appears, in the translation portion of the canon, are the 阿吒婆拘鬼神大將上佛陀羅尼神呪經 T1237; the 阿吒婆𤘽鬼神大將上佛陀羅尼經 T1238; the 梵天火羅九曜 T1311; the 陀羅尼雜集 T1336; and the 龍樹五明論 T1420. "Each of these hits points to sources that likely originated, at least in part, in China." The passages in question in T1237, T1238 and T1336 are identical, and feature a spell related to the deity Āṭavaka 阿吒婆拘. Āṭavaka is likely of Indic origin, but only found in Chinese texts, "and became particularly important in the sixth century...these spells include some Sinitic elements". T1420 "was composed in China"; Lowe refers to Strickmann (2002): 170, who argued for a date in the sixth century, but also states that Stuart Young argues "convincingly" for a later date in a forthcoming publication (Conceiving the Patriarchs, U. Hawai'i Press). T1311 was compiled by Yixing 一行 [see the note at the head of the text: 一行禪師修述, T1311:21.459b5---MR]. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Silk 2008] Silk, Jonathan. “The Jifayue sheku tuoluoni jing: Translation, Non-Translation, Both or Neither?” JIABS 31, no. 1-2 (2008[2010]): 369-420. — 397 |
The Touluoni za ji 陀羅尼雜集 T1336 is ascribed to the early 6th century on the basis of KYL. Zhisheng opines (note translated in Silk [2008]: 397) that it is a "locally produced abbreviated compilation" 次方抄集, on the grounds that it incorporates other known works. Silk argues that if it were a genuine translation text, the presence of material derived from earlier Chinese sources might be explained by translators relying upon earlier translations for portions they recognised as having already been translated before them. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Silk 2008] Silk, Jonathan. “The Jifayue sheku tuoluoni jing: Translation, Non-Translation, Both or Neither?” JIABS 31, no. 1-2 (2008[2010]): 369-420. |
Silk examines the Ji fayue she ku tuoluoni jing 集法悅捨苦陀羅尼經 [JSTJ] as a test-case in the nature and significance of materials "between translation and composition", and the methodological problems entailed in handling such materials. The JSTJ is extant only in Chinese. It has not survived as an independent text, but was transmitted independently at one time, and is mentioned as a separate text by Fajing, LDSBJ, Yancong, and DZKZM (though in some cases as a biesheng 別生 or chaojing 抄經). Today, the JSTJ is extant only as part of three larger canonical texts: the 觀虛空藏菩薩經 T409; the 七佛八菩薩所說大陀羅尼神咒經 T1332; and the 陀羅尼雜集 T1336. It appears in all three of these texts in the Jin and Koryŏ canons, but in the Qisha lineage, only in T1336. A note in the Koryŏ also says that the JSTJ was not found in the Khitan and Liao versions of T409; and it is not found in the Fangshan stone canon versions of T409 and T1332. Of these texts, T409 is ascribed to Dharmamitra, but Silk cites Tsukinowa suggesting that all ascriptions to this figure are suspect. However, Silk says that "the dating of the text" (to around 442) is nevertheless probably generally correct". This may not help us date the JSTJ, as it may not have contained the JSTJ at the time of composition (note that it is still missing from some versions of the text, as mentioned above). T1332 is first mentioned in the DTNDL; Silk (377) translates a note from KYL noting that it had the same title as a text ascribed to Zhi Qian, but differing in length, and refraining from identifying the two. Silk is inclined to agree, and concludes tentatively that T409 may indeed have existed by the fourth or fifth century, but there is no guarantee that it, too, contained JSTJ at that time. T1336 is ascribed to the early 6th century on the basis of KYL. Silk concludes, as regards the dating of the text, that "the only really firm date we have to work with...is...the first catalogue reference in...593 [=Fajing]," but that "the simple confluence of certain...information, including the presence of the JSTJ in [T409, T1332, and T1336] in one canonical lineage, seems to suggest that JSTJ was established already in the fifth century in China." Thus, the JTSJ is unknown outside China. Silk also notes that there are reasons to regard T409 and T1332 as Chinese compilations or compositions, in their present form. As for T1336, Zhisheng opines (note translated by Silk, 397) that it is a "locally produced abbreviated compilation" 次方抄集. Later in the paper, Silk also finds that the transcribed text of the actual dhāraṇī portion of the text is almost entirely intractable to attempts to discover the underlying Sanskrit. All this evidence might suggest that JSTJ is a pure Chinese composition. In the second part of the paper, however, Silk compares detailed elements in its frame narrative, which he identifies as a version of known narratives about Mahādeva, with other versions known in both India and China. Silk shows that the frame narrative accurately preserves elements known only in some very particular versions of the Mahādeva story in India (particularly in the *Vibhāṣā), but that versions of the narrative containing those elements could not have been known in China in the period when the JSTJ was already in circulation. Silk summarises: "Despite the considerable circumstantial evidence, beginning with sūtra catalogues which are unable to provide any details about the translation of the work, and including the irregular mode of its transmission apparently centrally, though not exclusively, as an intrusion within other works, suggestive of an 'apocryphal' origin, we must conclude that the work nevertheless is, at least in part, genuinely and authentically Indian" (401). Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Strickmann 2002] Strickmann, Michel. Chinese Magical Medicine. Edited by Bernard Faure. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. — 106-107 |
Strickmann discusses a "classic Chinese incantation" appearing in T1336, which he characterises as "a bulky Chinese anthology of dhāraṇīs compiled in the first half of the sixth century". Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Strickmann 2002] Strickmann, Michel. Chinese Magical Medicine. Edited by Bernard Faure. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. — 312 n. 39 |
Strickmann (or Faure, his posthumous editor) writes that T1336 is "one of the three great collections of dhāraṇīs compiled during the Six Dynaties period" (the others being T1332 and T1331). Entry author: Michael Radich |
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