| Identifier | T1646 [T] |
| Title | 成實論 [T] |
| Date | 411-412 [CSZJJ] |
| Unspecified | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [Sakaino 1935] |
| Translator 譯 | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Funayama 2013] Funayama Tōru 船山徹. Butten wa dō Kan’yaku sareta no ka: sūtora ga kyōten ni naru toki 仏典はどう漢訳されたのか スートラが経典になるとき. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten: 2013. — 149-151 |
Funayama argues that the *Tattvasiddhi/*Satyasiddhi 成實論 T1646 is not a literal, word-for-word translation of an Indic original, but the product of certain alterations and editorial decisions among Kumārajīva’s group. In this sense, it is an interesting sub-type of the overall set of genres Funayama characterises as lying "between translation and composition". However, Funayama is careful to state that in making this observation, he is not thereby impugning the authenticity of the text; rather, precisely because the content of the text is so authoritative and clearly derived from Indic sources, this case shows admirably some of the complexity involved in drawing the line between "Indic" and "Chinese" materials. Details regarding the process of composition of the text are recorded in Huijiao's (GSZ) biography of Tanying 曇影, T2059:50.364a1-13. The text was divided into five major sections, and the detailed ordering of the content was also changed (初出成實論。凡諍論問答皆次第往反。影恨其支離。乃結為五番。竟以呈什。什曰大善。深得吾意). Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Demiéville 1953] Demiéville, Paul. “Les sources chinoises.” In L’Inde classique: Manuel des études indiennes, Tome II, by Louis Renou and Jean Filliozat, 398-463. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Hanoi: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1953. — 416-417 |
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Demiéville reports that these are the works ascribed to Kumārajīva by Sengyou, for which the ascriptions should therefore be more secure. [NOTE: As pointed out by Lin Xueni (personal communication), CSZJJ in fact ascribes to Kumārajīva at least one text not mentioned by Demiéville, viz. the Kuśalamūlasaṃparigraha 華首經 T657, T2145 (LV) 10c21. Demiéville's list is therefore to be used with caution. I have corrected to include T657 here --- MR] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 346-350 |
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According to Sakaino, CSZJJ ascribes 31 texts still extant today to Kumārajīva. Sakaino maintains that three of them should not be regarded as Kumārajīva’s independent works. This entry is associated with the remaining 28 titles, which Sakaino does regard as authentic translations by Kumārajīva. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 78a6-10 |
The dates given for the translation of the Chengshi lun 成實論 (*Tattvasiddhi/Satyasiddhi) T1646 in the short anonymous colophon in CSZJJ are 十三年歲次豕韋九月八日 (October 11, 411) to 來年九月十五日 (November 4, 412). Either this constitutes evidence in favor of a later date of death for Kumarajiva (no earlier than 411, or even 412) or the authenticity of this colophon should be examined further. Furthermore, perhaps not insignificantly, this colophon is the only attestation of the transcription 拘摩羅耆婆 for Kumarajiva's name. Entry author: Sharon Chi |
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[Er Qin lu] Sengrui 僧叡. Er Qin lu 二秦錄. |
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Fei Zhangfang reports that the Er Qin lu, which he ascribes to Sengrui, was his source (or among his sources) for his ascriptions of 24 texts to Kumārajīva. The following titles can be identified with fair confidence with texts in the present Taishō: 摩訶般若波羅蜜經三十卷, T223 The following titles on Fei's list are more difficult to identify with extant texts: 大方等大集三十卷, T397?(!), or some version of the Kāśyaparivarta? Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Kimura 1986] Kimura Senshō 木村宣彰. "Kumarajū no yakukyō 鳩摩羅什の訳経." Ōtani daigaku kenkyū nenpō 大谷大学研究年報 38 (1986): 59-135. |
Kimura argues that the record of 24 texts ascribed to Kumārajīva in LDSBJ, supposedly from the Er Qin lu 二秦錄, should be the most reliable source available about Kumārajīva's work (see separate entry on LDSBJ’s reports about Kj’s works in the Er Qin lu). Although many scholars consider reports about the Er Qin lu, preserved in the Lidai sanbao ji 歷代三寶記 T2034 and Datang neidian lu 大唐內典錄 T2149, to be unreliable, Kimura argues that it is an important and reliable source, because its author, Sengrui 僧叡, was a close disciple of Kumārajīva and witnessed the translation activities directly. Entry author: Chia-wei Lin |
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[Kimura 1986] Kimura Senshō 木村宣彰. "Kumarajū no yakukyō 鳩摩羅什の訳経." Ōtani daigaku kenkyū nenpō 大谷大学研究年報 38 (1986): 59-135. |
Kimura analyses various items of external evidence relating to the date and process of translation for the Chengshi lun 成實論 T1646 (*Satyasiddhi/Tattvasiddhi). The date of translation recorded in CSZJJ and T2154 (412, 弘始十四年九月十五日) is irreconcilable with the date of Kumārajīva's death as recorded in T2059 (409, 弘始十一年). T2034 and T2149 have 406 弘始八年出 and cite the Er Qin lu as source (見二秦錄). According to the Lüe chengshi lun 略成實論記, Tangui 曇晷 and Tanying 曇影 were the scribes for this translation (曇晷筆受 曇影正寫). On the one hand, according to the Tanying zhuan 曇影傳 in T2059, T1646 was translated before the Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮花經 T262 (初出成實論…什後出妙法華經). On the other hand, according to the Sengrui zhuan 僧叡傳, T262 was translated before T1646 (昔竺法護出正法華經受決品云…什譯經至此乃言…後出成實論). In Zhongguan Chengchan's 中觀澄禪 Sanlun xuanyi jianyou ji 三論玄義撿幽集, it is said that there were two versions of T1646 in circulation (秦主姚興弘始十三年尚書令姚顯請者波法師於長安始譯此論…其初譯國語未暇治正…及改定前傳已廣 是故此論遂兩本俱行). Kimura concludes that Kumārajīva has finished translating T1646 in 406 and then Tanying revised and supplemented the part on the five skandhas in 412. Entry author: Chia-wei Lin |
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