| Identifier | T0614 [T] |
| Title | 坐禪三昧經 [T] |
| Date | [None] |
| Author | Aśvaghoṣa, 馬鳴; Kumaralāta, 究摩羅羅陀 [Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936] |
| Unspecified | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [Sakaino 1935] |
| Translator 譯 | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[Demiéville 1953] Demiéville, Paul. “Les sources chinoises.” In L’Inde classique: Manuel des études indiennes, Tome II, by Louis Renou and Jean Filliozat, 398-463. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Hanoi: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1953. — 416-417 |
Demiéville reports that these are the works ascribed to Kumārajīva by Sengyou, for which the ascriptions should therefore be more secure. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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No |
[Chen 2014a] Chen, Jinhua. "Meditation Traditions in Fifth-Century Northern China: With a Special Note on a Forgotten "Kaśmīri Meditation Tradition Brought to China by Buddhabhadra (359-429)." In Buddhism across Asia: Networks of Material, Intellectual and Cultural Exchange, Volume 1, edited by Tansen Sen, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014. |
Chen notes that of the five texts attributed to Kumārajīva in the fifteenth volume of the Taishō, Zuochan sanmei jing 坐禪三昧經 T614, Chanfa yaojie 禪法要解 T616, and Pusa he seyu fa jing 菩薩訶色欲法經 T615 are “unanimously accepted as Kumārajīva’s translations, as affirmed by Sengyou”, but “scholars are divided” over the ascriptions of Chanmi yaofa jing 禪祕要法經 T613 and Siwei lüeyao fa 思惟略要法 T617. Entry author: Sophie Florence |
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[Demiéville 1954] Demiéville, Paul. “La Yogācārabhūmi de Saṅgharakṣa.” BÉFEO 44, no. 2 (1954): 339-436. — 355-357 |
Demiéville reports that the 坐禪三昧經 T614 is a digest, compiled in 402 at the request of Sengrui 僧叡. Demiéville identifies sources in Aśvaghoṣa, Kumāralāta, and Saṅgharakṣa; and the *Vasudhara T482 (which Demiéville says was already identified by Sengrui as one of the sources of the "Mahāyāna appendix" to T614). It also refers to MPPU T1509. Demiéville proposes that in T614, as in T616 on his analysis, a "syncretism" of the two vehicles was probably attempted in response to Chinese demand. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Funayama 2006] Funayama Tōru 船山徹. "Masquerading as Translation: Examples of Chinese Lectures by Indian Scholar-Monks in the Six Dynasties Period," Asia Major 19, no. 1-2 (2006): 39-55. — 47 |
Funayama sees T614 Zuochan sanmei jing 坐禪三昧經 (Scripture of Samādhi through Sitting Meditation) as an example of a lecture text, rather than as Kumārajīva’s translation. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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Yes |
[Greene 2012] Greene, Eric Matthew. “Meditation, Repentance and Visionary Experience in Early Medieval Chinese Buddhism.” PhD dissertation, U. C. Berkeley, 2012. — 41-46, 43 n. 118; see also 56-58 |
Greene conveniently summarises various pieces of prior research. Portions of the text correspond to Aśvaghoṣa’s Sundarananda (citing Matsunami 1967, Shi Huimin 2001, Kannō 2002). Tsukinowa suggested that Sengrui wrote this text. Zacchetti has identified passages that look like earlier Chinese meditation texts. Greene himself thinks there's not enough evidence yet to exclude significant Indic origins for many portions of the content. Funayama menyions it as an example of "lecture texts", (2006): 47-48. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936] Ono Genmyō 小野玄妙, Maruyama Takao 丸山孝雄, eds. Bussho kaisetsu daijiten 佛書解說大辭典. Tokyo: Daitō shuppan, 1933-1936 [縮刷版 1999]. — vol. 4, p. 7 |
According to Izumi Hōkei 泉芳璟, the preface of 坐禪三昧經 T614 (by Sengrui 僧叡, 55.65ab, in CSZJJ) provides the details of the authorship/sources of the original (Indic) scripture. For example, the first forty-three stanzas were written by Kumaralāta 究摩羅羅陀, while the following twenty-three stanzas were by Aśvaghoṣa 馬鳴. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 346-350 |
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According to Sakaino, CSZJJ ascribes 31 texts still extant today to Kumārajīva. Sakaino maintains that three of them should not be regarded as Kumārajīva’s independent works. This entry is associated with the remaining 28 titles. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 364-365 |
Sakaino poins out that the 坐禅三昧經 T614 is not the translation of a single text, but a collection of texts regarding Chan. The first portion of the text (43 stanzas 偈) was reported as written by 究摩羅羅陀 (Kumāralabdha), and the last portion (20 stanzas) was reported as written by “Aśvaghoṣa bodhisatva” 馬鳴菩薩 [Sakaino himself writes "42 juan" 四十二巻 and "20 juan" 二十巻, but comparison with his source at T2145 (LV) 20-b20 shows that this is obviously in error --- AI]. Five kinds of Chan 五門 consisting of the views of different authors are explained in between. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 10c16-11a27 |
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In his own list of works of Kumārajīva in CSZJJ, Sengyou lists 35 works. The full list is given below, with identifications with texts extant in T (some identifications tentative). By contrast, the present T ascribes over 50 translation works to Kumārajīva (we do not count here T1775 or T1856). The ascription of the following works ascribed to Kumārajīva in T is not supported by Sengyou's list: T35, T123, T201, T245, T250, T307, T310(26), T335, T426, T484, T614, T617, T625, T703, T988, T1484, T1489, T1659, T2046, T2047, T2048. 新大品經二十四卷(偽秦姚興弘始五年四月二十二[三M]日於逍遙園譯出至六年四月二十三日訖), T223 Entry author: Michael Radich |
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