Text: T0614; 坐禪三昧經

Summary

Identifier T0614 [T]
Title 坐禪三昧經 [T]
Date [None]
Author Aśvaghoṣa, 馬鳴; Kumaralāta, 究摩羅羅陀 [Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936]
Unspecified Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [Sakaino 1935]
Translator 譯 Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [T]

There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.

There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).

Assertions

Preferred? Source Pertains to Argument Details

No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Demiéville 1953]  Demiéville, Paul. “Les sources chinoises.” In L’Inde classique: Manuel des études indiennes, Tome II, by Louis Renou and Jean Filliozat, 398-463. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Hanoi: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1953. — 416-417

Demiéville reports that these are the works ascribed to Kumārajīva by Sengyou, for which the ascriptions should therefore be more secure.

[NOTE: As pointed out by Lin Xueni (personal communication), CSZJJ in fact ascribes to Kumārajīva at least one text not mentioned by Demiéville, viz. the Kuśalamūlasaṃparigraha 華首經 T657, T2145 (LV) 10c21. Demiéville's list is therefore to be used with caution. I have corrected to include T657 here --- MR]

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Chen 2014a]  Chen, Jinhua. "Meditation Traditions in Fifth-Century Northern China: With a Special Note on a Forgotten "Kaśmīri Meditation Tradition Brought to China by Buddhabhadra (359-429)." In Buddhism across Asia: Networks of Material, Intellectual and Cultural Exchange, Volume 1, edited by Tansen Sen, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014.

Chen notes that of the five texts attributed to Kumārajīva in the fifteenth volume of the Taishō, Zuochan sanmei jing 坐禪三昧經 T614, Chanfa yaojie 禪法要解 T616, and Pusa he seyu fa jing 菩薩訶色欲法經 T615 are “unanimously accepted as Kumārajīva’s translations, as affirmed by Sengyou”, but “scholars are divided” over the ascriptions of Chanmi yaofa jing 禪祕要法經 T613 and Siwei lüeyao fa 思惟略要法 T617.

Entry author: Sophie Florence

Edit

No

[Demiéville 1954]  Demiéville, Paul. “La Yogācārabhūmi de Saṅgharakṣa.” BÉFEO 44, no. 2 (1954): 339-436. — 355-357

Demiéville reports that the 坐禪三昧經 T614 is a digest, compiled in 402 at the request of Sengrui 僧叡. Demiéville identifies sources in Aśvaghoṣa, Kumāralāta, and Saṅgharakṣa; and the *Vasudhara T482 (which Demiéville says was already identified by Sengrui as one of the sources of the "Mahāyāna appendix" to T614). It also refers to MPPU T1509. Demiéville proposes that in T614, as in T616 on his analysis, a "syncretism" of the two vehicles was probably attempted in response to Chinese demand.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Funayama 2006]  Funayama Tōru 船山徹. "Masquerading as Translation: Examples of Chinese Lectures by Indian Scholar-Monks in the Six Dynasties Period," Asia Major 19, no. 1-2 (2006): 39-55. — 47

Funayama sees T614 Zuochan sanmei jing 坐禪三昧經 (Scripture of Samādhi through Sitting Meditation) as an example of a lecture text, rather than as Kumārajīva’s translation.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

Yes

[Greene 2012]  Greene, Eric Matthew. “Meditation, Repentance and Visionary Experience in Early Medieval Chinese Buddhism.” PhD dissertation, U. C. Berkeley, 2012. — 41-46, 43 n. 118; see also 56-58

Greene conveniently summarises various pieces of prior research. Portions of the text correspond to Aśvaghoṣa’s Sundarananda (citing Matsunami 1967, Shi Huimin 2001, Kannō 2002). Tsukinowa suggested that Sengrui wrote this text. Zacchetti has identified passages that look like earlier Chinese meditation texts. Greene himself thinks there's not enough evidence yet to exclude significant Indic origins for many portions of the content. Funayama menyions it as an example of "lecture texts", (2006): 47-48.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936]  Ono Genmyō 小野玄妙, Maruyama Takao 丸山孝雄, eds. Bussho kaisetsu daijiten 佛書解說大辭典. Tokyo: Daitō shuppan, 1933-1936 [縮刷版 1999]. — vol. 4, p. 7

According to Izumi Hōkei 泉芳璟, the preface of 坐禪三昧經 T614 (by Sengrui 僧叡, 55.65ab, in CSZJJ) provides the details of the authorship/sources of the original (Indic) scripture. For example, the first forty-three stanzas were written by Kumaralāta 究摩羅羅陀, while the following twenty-three stanzas were by Aśvaghoṣa 馬鳴.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 346-350

According to Sakaino, CSZJJ ascribes 31 texts still extant today to Kumārajīva. Sakaino maintains that three of them should not be regarded as Kumārajīva’s independent works. This entry is associated with the remaining 28 titles, which Sakaino does regard as authentic translations by Kumārajīva.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 364-365

Sakaino poins out that the 坐禅三昧經 T614 is not the translation of a single text, but a collection of texts regarding Chan. The first portion of the text (43 stanzas 偈) was reported as written by 究摩羅羅陀 (Kumāralabdha), and the last portion (20 stanzas) was reported as written by “Aśvaghoṣa bodhisatva” 馬鳴菩薩 [Sakaino himself writes "42 juan" 四十二巻 and "20 juan" 二十巻, but comparison with his source at T2145 (LV) 20-b20 shows that this is obviously in error --- AI]. Five kinds of Chan 五門 consisting of the views of different authors are explained in between.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

No

[CSZJJ]  Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 10c16-11a27

In his own list of works of Kumārajīva in CSZJJ, Sengyou lists 35 works. The full list is given below, with identifications with texts extant in T (some identifications tentative).

By contrast, the present T ascribes over 50 translation works to Kumārajīva (we do not count here T1775 or T1856). The ascription of the following works ascribed to Kumārajīva in T is not supported by Sengyou's list: T35, T123, T201, T245, T250, T307, T310(26), T335, T426, T484, T614, T617, T625, T703, T988, T1484, T1489, T1659, T2046, T2047, T2048.

新大品經二十四卷(偽秦姚興弘始五年四月二十二[三M]日於逍遙園譯出至六年四月二十三日訖), T223
新小品經七卷(弘始十年二月六日譯出至四月二十日訖), T227
新法華經七卷(弘始八年夏於長安大寺譯出), T262
新賢劫經七卷(今闕), lost?
華首經十卷(一名攝諸[稱S]善根經), cf. 華手[v.l.SP首]經 T657
新維摩詰經三卷(弘始八年於長安大寺出), T475
新首楞嚴經二卷, T642
十住經五卷(或四卷定五卷什與佛駄耶舍共譯出), T286
思益義經四卷(或云思益梵天問經), T586
持世經四卷(或三卷), T482
自在王經二卷(弘始九[元SYM]年出), T420
佛藏經三卷(一名選擇諸法或為二卷), T653
菩薩藏經三卷(一名富樓那問亦名大悲心或為二卷), T310(17)
稱揚諸佛功德經三卷(一名集華), ?, T382?
無量壽經一卷(或云阿彌陀經), T366
彌勒下生經一卷, T454?
彌勒成佛經一卷, T456?
金剛般若經一卷(或云金剛般若波羅蜜經), T235
諸法無行經一卷, T650
菩提經一卷(或云文殊師利問菩提[薩SYM]經), T464
遺教經一卷(或云佛垂般泥洹略說教戒經), T389
十二因緣觀經一卷(闕[+本SYM]), ???
菩薩呵色欲[+經YM]一卷, T615
禪法要解二卷(或云禪要經), T616?
禪經三卷(一名菩薩禪法經與坐禪三昧經問), T613?
雜譬喻經一卷(比丘道略所集), T208?
大智論百卷(於逍遙園譯出或分為七十卷), T1509
成[誠SYM]實論十六卷, T1646
十住論十卷, T1521
中論四卷, T1564
十二門論一卷, T1568
百論二卷(弘始六年譯出), T1569
十誦律六十一卷(已入律錄), T1435
十誦比丘戒本一卷, T1436
禪法要三卷(弘始九年𨳝月五日重校正), T616?

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit