| Identifier | T0046 [T] |
| Title | 阿那律八念經 [T] |
| Date | 魏呉 [Hayashiya 1941] |
| Unspecified | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Sakaino 1935] |
| Translator 譯 | Zhi Yao 支曜 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[Nattier 2023] Nattier, Jan. "The 'Missing Majority': Dao'an's Anonymous Scriptures Revisted." In Chinese Buddhism and the Scholarship of Erik Zürcher, edited by Jonathan Silk and Stefano Zacchetti, 94-140. Leiden: Brill, 2023. — 95 n. 7, 115-116 w. nn. 73-75, |
Nattier argues that a small group of anonymous scriptures, comprising T5, T20, T46, T145, T392, T507, and T582, were probably composed in the South in the third century. Her argument is based upon the presence of some very rare vocabulary/terminology, which otherwise appears (in datable texts) in translations produced in this time and place (T225B, T152), and also on the absence of other, very common terms. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Nattier 2008] Nattier, Jan. A Guide to the Earliest Chinese Buddhist Translations: Texts from the Eastern Han 東漢 and Three Kingdoms 三國 Periods. Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica X. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2008. |
Nattier does not regard the traditional ascription to Zhi Yao as reliable. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Kamata 1982] Kamata Shigeo 鎌田茂雄. Chūgoku bukkyō shi, dai ikkan: Shodenki no bukkyō 中国仏教史 第一巻 初伝期末の仏教. Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982. — 162 |
According to Kamata, the Chengju guangming jing 成具光明經 T630 is the only work ascribed correctly to Zhi Yao 支曜 in the Taishō. Ascriptions of other text to Zhi Yao are not acceptable, namely, the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 (T46), the Xiao dao di jing 小道地經 (T608), the Ma you san xiang jing 馬有三相經 (T114), and the Ma you ba tai pi ren jing 馬有八態譬人經 (T115) (162). [Atsushi: Kamata does not explain why the attribution of those texts to Zhi Yao is incorrect.] Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Hayashiya 1941] Hayashiya Tomojirō 林屋友次郎. Kyōroku kenkyū 経録研究. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1941. — 802-807 |
The Ba nian jing 八念經 is included in Dao'an's list of anonymous scriptures. Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu clarifies that this text is an alternate translation of the Ba nian jing 八念經 in the Madhyamāgama 中阿含 T26(74). Also, Fajing regards this text as the same text as the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經, a text which CSZJJ 出三藏記集 classified as an unseen scripture in the catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures 失譯雜經錄. Hayashiya points out that the Ba nian jing 八念經 survived, because the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 T46 could also just as easily be called the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經, since phrases containing the character lian 撿 frequently appear in T46: e.g. 當學四禪撿意觀法, 四禪爲撿意法, in which jian/lian 撿 is most likely to be an alternate orthography for 斂. Hayashiya maintains that Sengyou 僧祐 kept the Ba nian jing 八念經 and the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 separate only because he had not seen the Chan xing lian yi jing, not because the two were actually different. There is also a Jian(/lian) yi xiang zheng jing 撿意向正經 listed as an unseen scripture in the catalogue of asserted anonymous scriptures 失譯雜經錄. This text may well be also feature the same orthographic variant in its title, thus: 斂意向正經, which should be another alternate title for the same Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經. If that is the case, the Jian yi xiang zheng jing 撿意向正經 in LDSBJ 三寶記, which is classified as a composition of the Wei-Wu 魏呉 period, should be deleted. The catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures 失譯雜經錄 features yet another title that could be confusing, the Analü qi nian zhang jing 阿那律七念章經. Some later catalogues regarded this Analü qi nian zhang jing and the Analü ba nian jing as the same text, but both were extant at the time of Sengyou, so they should be regarded as different texts. Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu and Jingtai 靜泰錄 also regard the Ba nian jing 八念經 as an extant anonymous scripture. However, LDSBJ 三寶記 lists the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 as translated by Zhi Yao 支曜 in the Latter Han 後漢 period [citing the Jiu lu: 阿那律八念經一卷(或直云八念經。見舊錄, T2034 (XLIX) 54a7 --- MR] and the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 as an anonymous scripture of the Wei-Wu 魏呉 period. Hayashiya rejects these attributions. First of all, Hayashiya points out that the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 and the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 are most likely to be the same text. Among his other arguments against LDSBJ 三寶記, Hayashiya asserts that the classification of the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 as composed in the Wei-Wu 魏呉 period is not supported at all, because the note to the Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 is copied almost verbatim from the catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures 失譯雜經錄, which says nothing about the date of composition. The Wei-Wu 魏呉 date was added arbitrarily by LDSBJ 三寶記. Hayashiya also claims that the vocabulary and tone of T46 is very different from that of the Chengju guangming jing 成具光明經 T630, a text which Dao'an's list and all other catalogues agree is by Zhi Yao. T46 therefore cannot be Zhi Yao’s work. Still, following LDSBJ, DZKZM 大周刊定衆經目錄 [T2153 (LV) 419c16-17] and KYL 開元錄 [T2154 (LV) 482c12-13, 612a7-8 etc.] wrongly recorded the Analü ba nian jing as Zhi Yao's translation. The Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經, Hayashiya contends, is therefore an anonymous scripture, and its vocabulary and tone suggest that it was produced in the Wei-Wu 魏呉 period, but possibly as early as the Latter Han 後漢 period. The Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 and the Lian (jian) yi xiang zheng jing 斂意向正經 in the catalogue of assorted anonymous scriptures 失譯雜經錄 should be eliminated, because they are alternate titles of this same text. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 78 |
In LDSBJ, Fei Changfang newly ascribes nine titles, including the Xiao dao di jing 小道地經 T608, to Zhi Yao 支曜, without giving any evidence. All of those nine titles are found in either Dao'an's catalogue of alternate translations of old scriptures 安公古異經錄, Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures 安公失譯錄, or Dao'an's catalogue of alternate translations of scriptures produced under the Northern Liang 安公凉土異經錄. CSZJJ ascribed to Zhi Yao only one text, the Chengju guangming jing 成具光明經 [成具光明定意經 T630]. This entry lists all the extant texts first ascribed to Zhi Yao by Fei, to which Sakaino's criticism here applies. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 864 |
Sakaino points out that in KYL, the anonymous Chan xing lian yi jing 禪行斂意經 is regarded as an alternate title of the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 (T46 ascribed to Zhi Yao 支曜). Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. |
Hayashiya examines Dao’an’s list of anonymous scriptures, as “recompiled” by Sengyou under the title 新集安公失譯經錄 at CSZJJ T2145 (LV) 16c7-18c2. The Ba nian jing 八念經 is included in the section of the Dao'an/CSZJJ list for texts listed as extant 有; Sengyou adds an interlinear note: 舊錄云阿那律八念經; 16c20. Hayashiya gives, in tabulated form, information about the treatment of the same texts in Fajing T2146, LDSBJ T2034, the KYL T2154, and his own opinion about whether or not the text is extant in T, and if so, where (by vol. and page no.). The above text is identified by Hayashiya with the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 T46, attributed in the present canon (T) to Zhi Yao 支曜. Entry author: Merijn ter Haar |
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