| Identifier | T0713 [T] |
| Title | 貝多樹下思惟十二因緣經 [T] |
| Date | 後漢 [Hayashiya 1941] |
| Unspecified | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Hayashiya 1945] |
| Translator 譯 | Zhi Qian 支謙 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Nattier 2008] Nattier, Jan. A Guide to the Earliest Chinese Buddhist Translations: Texts from the Eastern Han 東漢 and Three Kingdoms 三國 Periods. Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica X. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2008. |
Nattier does not regard the ascription to Zhi Qian as reliable. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Hayashiya 1941] Hayashiya Tomojirō 林屋友次郎. Kyōroku kenkyū 経録研究. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1941. — 1303-1304 |
A Wen cheng pi jing 聞城譬經 is listed in Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of archaic alternate translations 新集安公古異經錄 and was extant at the time of Sengyou. Since this text has exceptionally complicated relations with other texts related to the Shi'er yinyuan jing 十二因緣經 in catalogues after CSZJJ 出三藏記集, Hayashiya refers to his own Hayashiya 1945, Chapter 7 for detailed discussions on texts related to the Shi'er yinyuan jing, including the Wen cheng pi jing. Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu, LDSBJ 三寶記, and a number of other catalogues after them made a variety of mistakes because the editors of them did not notice that the Duobei shu xia siwei shi'er yinyuan jing was the same as the Wen cheng pi jing. For example, Fajing regarded the Shi'er yinyuan jing, whose alternate title was claimed to be the Wen cheng shi'er yinyuan jing 聞城十二因縁經, as a translation by An Shigao. Moreover, LDSBJ listed the Wen cheng shi'er yinyuan jing as translated in the Latter Han 後漢 period by Zhi Yao 支曜. However, the Shi'er yinyuan jing that An Shigao translated was not the Wen cheng shi'er yinyuan jing, and the Wen cheng shi'er yinyuan jing, which is an alternate title of the Wen cheng pi jing, is in fact the same text as the extant Duobei... T713, which cannot be Zhi Yao's translation. Hayashiya asserts that, despite different claims made by a number of catalogues, the Wen cheng pi jing must be recorded as an extant anonymous scripture of the Latter Han 後漢 period, judging from its vocabulary and tone, and from the fact that it was listed in Dao'an's catalogue of archaic alternate translations. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Hayashiya 1945] Hayashiya Tomojirō 林屋友次郎, Iyaku kyōrui no kenkyū‚ 異譯經類の研究, Tokyo: Tōyō bunko, 1945. — 326-409 |
According to Hayashiya, the Beiduo shuxia siwei shi’er yinyuan jing 貝多樹下思惟十二因縁經 (*Nidāna-sūtra, Nagaropama-sūtra) was first ascribed to Zhi Qian 支謙 by LDSBJ, followed by KYL then by the Taishō. Hayashiya compares the vocabulary of the Beiduo shuxia siwei shi’er yinyuan jing 貝多樹下思惟十二因縁經 T713 with that of the Liao ben shengsi jing 了本生死經 T708 (established as Zhi Qian’s work), and points out that T713 must be older than T708, and that the tone of the two is quite different as well. Hence, Hayashiya claims that T713 is not Zhi Qian’s work, and was translated earlier than the Wu 呉 period, probably in the Eastern Han 後漢 period (i.e. the second century). Hayashiya then tries to identify who in the Eastern Han translated T713. He considers An Shigao 安世高 and Zhi Yao 支曜 as the main possibilities, because these two were recorded as having translated similar texts to T713 (Dao’an ascribed a Shi’er yinyuan jing 十二因縁經 and an Ahan kou jie shi’er yinyuan jing 阿含口解十二因縁經 to An Shigao; Fei ascribed a Wen cheng shi’er yinyuan jing 聞城十二因縁經 to Zhi Yao 支曜). Accordingly, Hayashiya compares the vocabulary of T713 with that of the Ahan kou jie shi’er yinyuan jing 阿含口解十二因縁經 T1508 (Hayashiya ascribes this text to An Shigao, despite the ascription to An Xuan 安玄 and Yan Fotiao 嚴佛調 in the Taishō, which Hayashiya points out was first given in LDSBJ without any grounds), and also with that of the Chengju guangming dingyi jing 成具光明定意經 T630 (established as Zhi Yao’s work) (Hayashiya presents this comparison in a chart on 359-361). Based on that comparison, Hayashiya maintains that T713 and T1508 are not the works of the same person, although they belong to the same period, because their vocabularies differ noticeably, despite apparent similarities. Thus, T713 is not An Shigao’s work. Hayashiya also claims that the vocabulary, and also the tone, of T630 are quite different from those of T713, so it is certain that T713 is not Zhi Yao’s work, either. As T713 is found to be an old text of the Eastern Han period, but not translated by An Shigao orZhi Yao, Hayashiya claims that it is the Wen cheng pi jing 聞城譬經 listed in Dao’an’s Catalogue of ancient alternate sūtra translations 古異經錄. He presents a passage in T713 that indeed corresponds to the term Cheng pi 城譬 in the title. Thus, Hayashiya asserts that T713 is an anonymous scripture of the Eastern Han period. [According to Hayashiya, T713 is the only text to have survived among what he calls the Beiduo shuxia siwei shi’er yinyuan jing group of texts. The others—the the Beiduo shuxia siwei shi’er yinyuan jing itself, ascribed to Dharmarakṣa 法護, the Shi’er yinyuan jing 十二因縁經 ascribed to An Shigao, and the Shi’er yinyuan jing 十二因縁經 ascribed to *Guṇavṛddhi 求那毘地—had probably been lost by the Sui period, but most catalogues did not notice they had. Meanwhile, the Wen cheng pi jing 聞城譬經 in Dao’an’s Catalogue of ancient alternate sūtra translations (viz, T713) was not listed in catalogues after CSZJJ, although the text has been extant ever since Dao’an’s time. This was because, Hayashiya infers, the Wen cheng pi jing was thought to be the same text as either the Beiduo shuxian siwei shi’er yinyuan jing ascribed to Dharmarakṣa or the Shi’er yinyuan jing ascribed to An Shigao, since the Wen cheng pi jing had Beiduo shuxian siwei shi’er yinyuan jing as an alternate title, and the Shi’er yinyuan jing has the alternate title Wen cheng shi’er yinyuan jing 聞城十二因縁經 (351-352). Hayashiya claims (following Daoxuan 道宣) that in some catalogues the text of T713 (the Wen cheng pi jing 聞城譬經) was even misunderstood as all, and not only one, of the three other lost texts; for instance, the lengths of the three titles recorded in Jingtai were the exactly same, viz., four sheets, an unlikely coincidence which is best explained if actually just one text (viz. the Wen cheng pi jing) was listed under those three titles (353-354).] Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Zürcher 1959/2007] Zürcher, Erik. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Third Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1959 (2007 reprint). — 50, 336 n. 137 |
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According to Zürcher, Sengyou attributed thirty-six texts to Zhi Qian 支謙, of which twenty-three have survived. This entry lists texts which are ascribed to Zhi Qian in the present Taishō, yet do not appear among Sengyou’s attributions. Entry author: Sophie Florence |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 141-145 |
Amid a general discussion of numerous problematic ascriptions to Zhi Qian found first in LDSBJ, Sakaino excepts the 貝多樹經 T713 (*Nidāna-sūtra, Nagaropama-sūtra), the ascription of which to Zhi Qian he says should be accepted. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 117-119 |
Sakaino affirms that the Muduo shuxia siwei shi'er yinyuan jing 貝多樹下思惟十二因縁經 [T713] and the Ruiying benqi jing 瑞應本起經 [太子瑞應本起經 T185] are Zhi Qian’s works, as indicated by the vocabulary (e.g., the use of 名像 for ナーマルーパ [nāmarūpa]). Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Lu 1989] Lu, Cheng. “Dharmarakṣa.” In Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, Volume 4, edited by W. G. Weeraratne, 552–54. Sri Lanka: Department of Buddhist Affairs, 1989. — 553 |
Lu writes that ten texts ascribed to other translators in T have been "found" to be "translated by Dharmarakṣa". Lu gives no references or arguments in support of this assertion. The texts in question are: *Sigālovāda-sūtra 尸迦羅越六方禮經 T16 Entry author: Michael Radich |
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