| Identifier | T0616 [T] |
| Title | 禪法要解 [T] |
| Date | 402-405 [Demiéville 1954] |
| Unspecified | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [Sakaino 1935] |
| Translator 譯 | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Demiéville 1954] Demiéville, Paul. “La Yogācārabhūmi de Saṅgharakṣa.” BÉFEO 44, no. 2 (1954): 339-436. — 354 n. 2 |
Demiéville notes that according to a preface by Sengrui 僧叡 preserved in CSZJJ, namely the 關中出禪經序, this text was authored 撰 by Kumārajīva, rather than translated. [The note that Demiéville has in mind is apparently this one: 後更依持世經益十二因緣一卷要解二卷。別時撰出, T2145:55.65b5-6.] Demiéville suggests that T616 was composed as a kind of complement to 坐禪三昧經 T614, between 402 and 405, and that in the text, Kumārajīva frequently refers to MPPU T1509. Demiéville also notes that there are frequent close and even literal correspondences between T616 and the 禪要經 T609 (which is presented as an anonymous Han text in the present Taishō, and concludes from this evidence that "Kumārajīva clearly made use of this text in compiling the first part of his [T616]." Demiéville proposes that in T616, as in T614 on his analysis, a "syncretism" of the two vehicles was probably attempted in response to Chinese demand. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Funayama 2006] Funayama Tōru 船山徹. "Masquerading as Translation: Examples of Chinese Lectures by Indian Scholar-Monks in the Six Dynasties Period," Asia Major 19, no. 1-2 (2006): 39-55. — 47 |
Funayama sees T616 Chanfa yaojie 禪法要解 (Essential Exegesis of Meditation Methods) as an example of a lecture text, rather than as Kumārajīva’s translation. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Demiéville 1953] Demiéville, Paul. “Les sources chinoises.” In L’Inde classique: Manuel des études indiennes, Tome II, by Louis Renou and Jean Filliozat, 398-463. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Hanoi: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1953. — 416-417 |
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Demiéville reports that these are the works ascribed to Kumārajīva by Sengyou, for which the ascriptions should therefore be more secure. [NOTE: As pointed out by Lin Xueni (personal communication), CSZJJ in fact ascribes to Kumārajīva at least one text not mentioned by Demiéville, viz. the Kuśalamūlasaṃparigraha 華首經 T657, T2145 (LV) 10c21. Demiéville's list is therefore to be used with caution. I have corrected to include T657 here --- MR] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Sengrui Chan preface] Sengrui 僧叡. Guanzhong chu chan jing xu 關中出禪經序. |
According to this preface by Sengrui 僧叡, preserved in CSZJJ, T616 was authored 撰 by Kumārajīva, rather than translated. [The note that Demiéville has in mind is apparently this one: 後更依持世經益十二因緣一卷要解二卷。別時撰出, T2145:55.65b5-6.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Chen 2014a] Chen, Jinhua. "Meditation Traditions in Fifth-Century Northern China: With a Special Note on a Forgotten "Kaśmīri Meditation Tradition Brought to China by Buddhabhadra (359-429)." In Buddhism across Asia: Networks of Material, Intellectual and Cultural Exchange, Volume 1, edited by Tansen Sen, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014. |
Chen notes that of the five texts attributed to Kumārajīva in the fifteenth volume of the Taishō, Zuochan sanmei jing 坐禪三昧經 T614, Chanfa yaojie 禪法要解 T616, and Pusa he seyu fa jing 菩薩訶色欲法經 T615 are “unanimously accepted as Kumārajīva’s translations, as affirmed by Sengyou”, but “scholars are divided” over the ascriptions of Chanmi yaofa jing 禪祕要法經 T613 and Siwei lüeyao fa 思惟略要法 T617. Entry author: Sophie Florence |
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[Demiéville 1954] Demiéville, Paul. “La Yogācārabhūmi de Saṅgharakṣa.” BÉFEO 44, no. 2 (1954): 339-436. — 354 n. 3 |
Demiéville writes that the first portion of T616, until the end of the verses (286b13-287a21) is very close to T609. The present dating of T609 to the Han period is very implausible. According to the sub-title in the Korean version, T609 is only the first chapter of a longer incomplete work. There are often literal correspondences between T609 and T616, but T609 is more developed, and introduces Mahāyāna additions. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 871-872 |
According to Sakaino, the so-called “*Dhyāna sūtra” 禪經, which is among the four titles correctly ascribed to Juqu Jingsheng 京聲, refers to the Chan yao mimi zhi bing jing 禪要秘密治病經 (cf. T613, T620). By contrast, the ascription of the Chan fa yao jie 禪法要解 (cf. T616) to Jingsheng is a fabrication on the part of Fei Changfang. Sakaino states that there was only ever one Chan fa yao jie, namely, the text ascribed to Kumārajīva (T616), and Zhisheng in KYL is also incorrect in listing a supposed second translation, under the influence of LDSBJ. Sakaino explains that the Chan yao [mimi zhi bing jing] is a translation of the Zhi bing jing 治病經 made under the N. Liang 凉, while the version made under the (Liu) Song is a transcription of an oral recitation, rather than a written text. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 346-350 |
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According to Sakaino, CSZJJ ascribes 31 texts still extant today to Kumārajīva. Sakaino maintains that three of them should not be regarded as Kumārajīva’s independent works. This entry is associated with the remaining 28 titles, which Sakaino does regard as authentic translations by Kumārajīva. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. |
Kimura takes as his baseline for his examination of the Kumārajīva corpus the 24 texts that Fei Zhangfang, in LDSBJ, reports were ascribed to Kumārajīva in the Er Qin lu, supposedly by Sengrui. On this basis, Kimura argues that nine texts that were added to Sengrui’s list by Sengyou 僧祐 in CSZJJ: the Śūraṅgamasamādhi 首楞嚴經二卷 T642, a Pusa jing 菩提經一卷 (cf. Gayāśīrṣa T464), the Yi jiao jing 遺教經一卷 (??), the Shi’er yinyuan jing 十二因緣觀經一卷 (??), the Pusa he seyu 菩薩呵色欲一卷 T615, the Chan fa yao jie 禪法要解二卷 T616, the Za piyu jing 雜譬喻經一卷 T208, the Shi’er men lun 十二門論一卷 T1568, and the Chan fa yao 禪法要三卷 (cf. T616 again?). Kimura concludes that these nine texts must have been entries in error, or duplicate entries (誤載、重載). Entry author: Chia-wei Lin |
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