Text: T0114; 佛說馬有三相經; 善馬有三相經

Summary

Identifier T0114 [T]
Title 佛說馬有三相經 [T]
Date 後漢 [Hayashiya 1941]
Unspecified Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Sakaino 1935]
Translator 譯 Zhi Yao 支曜 [T]

There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.

There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).

Assertions

Preferred? Source Pertains to Argument Details

No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

Entry author: Michael Radich

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  • Title: 佛說馬有三相經
  • People: Zhi Yao 支曜 (translator 譯)
  • Identifier: T0114

No

[Nattier 2008]  Nattier, Jan. A Guide to the Earliest Chinese Buddhist Translations: Texts from the Eastern Han 東漢 and Three Kingdoms 三國 Periods. Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica X. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, 2008.

Nattier does not regard the traditional ascription to Zhi Yao as reliable.

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Hayashiya 1941]  Hayashiya Tomojirō 林屋友次郎. Kyōroku kenkyū 経録研究. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1941. — 1304-1305

Hayashiya's summary of the content of the catalogues on this title is as follows:

Sengyou's recompilation of Dao'an's catalogue of archaic alternate translations 新集安公古異經錄:
A Shan ma you san xiang jing 善馬有三相經 is listed in this catalogue, and was extant at the time of Sengyou.

Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu, Yancong’s Zhongjing mulu and Jingtai 靜泰錄:
Since this text was considered an alternate translation of Saṃyuktāgama 雜阿含 920 (found in juan 巻 33), Fajing’s Zhongjing mulu listed the Ma you san xiang jing 馬有三相經 in the category of alternate translations of the Saṃyuktāgama. Yancong’s Zhongjing mulu also classified this text as an alternate translations of part of SA. It was extant also in the Sui 隋 period. Jingtai recorded its length as two sheets 紙. Thus, this text was extant since the time of Sengyou down to the Tang 唐 period, while regarded as an anonymous scripture.

LDSBJ 三寶記 and KYL 開元錄:
However, LDSBJ classifies the Ma you san xiang jing as translated by Zhi Yao 支曜 in the Latter Han 後漢 period, and KYL followed LDSBJ in this regard. Hayashiya maintains that this attribution is groundless, like LDSBJ’s other attributions to Zhi Yao which are not found in earlier catalogues. Hayashiya points out that the Ma you san xiang jing is extant today as T114, and maintains that although the tone and vocabulary of T114 are that of the Latter Han 後漢 period, they are quite different from that of the Chengju guangming jing 成具光明經 translated by Zhi Yao.

Thus, Hayashiya concludes that T114 cannot be Zhi Yao's translation, and that the text must be listed as an anonymous scripture of the Latter Han 後漢 period.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 78

In LDSBJ, Fei Changfang newly ascribes nine titles, including the Xiao dao di jing 小道地經 T608, to Zhi Yao 支曜, without giving any evidence. All of those nine titles are found in either Dao'an's catalogue of alternate translations of old scriptures 安公古異經錄, Dao'an's catalogue of anonymous scriptures 安公失譯錄, or Dao'an's catalogue of alternate translations of scriptures produced under the Northern Liang 安公凉土異經錄. CSZJJ ascribed to Zhi Yao only one text, the Chengju guangming jing 成具光明經 [成具光明定意經 T630]. This entry lists all the extant texts first ascribed to Zhi Yao by Fei, to which Sakaino's criticism here applies.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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No

[Kamata 1982]  Kamata Shigeo 鎌田茂雄. Chūgoku bukkyō shi, dai ikkan: Shodenki no bukkyō 中国仏教史 第一巻 初伝期末の仏教. Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982. — 162

According to Kamata, the Chengju guangming jing 成具光明經 T630 is the only work ascribed correctly to Zhi Yao 支曜 in the Taishō. Ascriptions of other text to Zhi Yao are not acceptable, namely, the Analü ba nian jing 阿那律八念經 (T46), the Xiao dao di jing 小道地經 (T608), the Ma you san xiang jing 馬有三相經 (T114), and the Ma you ba tai pi ren jing 馬有八態譬人經 (T115) (162). [Atsushi: Kamata does not explain why the attribution of those texts to Zhi Yao is incorrect.]

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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No

[Kamata 1982]  Kamata Shigeo 鎌田茂雄. Chūgoku bukkyō shi, dai ikkan: Shodenki no bukkyō 中国仏教史 第一巻 初伝期末の仏教. Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982. — 154

Kamata states that the Bu zi shou yi jing 不自守意經 (T107) ascribed to Zhi Qian, the Ma you san xiang jing 馬有三相經 (T114) and the Ma you ba tai pi ren jing 馬有八態譬人經 (T115) ascribed to Zhi Yao 支曜, may be by An Shigao, but there is no decisive evidence either way. The anonymous Saṃyuktāgama 雜阿含經 of the Wei-Wu 魏呉 period (T101) may also be An Shigao’s work.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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No

[Jiu lu CSZJJ]  Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145.

In his report on Dao'an's catalogue of ancient alternate translations 新集安公古異經錄 Sengyou cites a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 as evidence for the following titles. This shows that these titles, being listed in the Jiu lu, were extant by whatever date that catalogue was compiled. It also means, conversely, if the date of any of these texts can be determined, that the Jiu lu must date at earliest after those texts.

數練意章一卷, 15b22-23
梵志頗波羅延問尊種經一卷, 15b24 (cf. T71)
魔王入目犍蘭腹經一卷, 15c3-5
十二賢者經一卷(舊錄云十二賢經), 15c6
聞城譬經一卷, 16a2
自守亦不自守經一卷, 16a4-5 (cf. T107)
善馬有三相經一卷, 16a8-9 (cf. T114)
不聞者類相聚經一卷, 16a27
生聞披羅門經一卷, 16b7-8
有三方便經一卷, 16b13
四意止經一卷, 16b16
彌連[蓮SYM]經一卷, 16b24
羅貧壽經一卷, 16c1-2
四姓長者難經一卷, 16c4

Entry author: Michael Radich

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