| Identifier | T0988 [T] |
| Title | *Mahāmāyūrī-[vidyārājñī]-sūtra [Radich DDBa] |
| Date | [None] |
| Unspecified | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Fang 2014] |
| Translator 譯 | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [T] |
| Forger | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Kehong, d.u.] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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Yes |
[Radich DDBa] Radich, Michael. DDB s.v. 孔雀王呪經. — Accessed July 27 2014. |
"As Lévi points out, T987 overlaps with T986 in some passages, with simple variations; the bibliographic tradition was in the habit of attaching other material to these fragments; and the 'Kumārajīva' version also overlaps in some respects with the others, though in some cases it is 'mutilated' (mutilée), and it jumps around between different parts of the sequence of the text as known from other, more complete versions. Lévi concludes that all three texts are parts of the same original text, which were separated, garbled, and added to in transmission, and that the ascription of T988 to Kumārajīva is unreliable; Lévi (1915): 24-26." Referring to Lévi, Sylvain. "Le catalogue géographique des yakṣa dans la Mahāmāyūrī." Journal Asiatique 11 (1915): 19-137, esp. 24-26. Radich continues: "Sengyou already knew of various texts with titles related to Mahāmāyūrī: the Dakongque wang shenzhou 大孔雀王神呪 and the Kongque wang za shenzhou 孔雀王雜神呪, each in one fascicle, which he ascribes to *Śrīmitra 尸梨蜜 (fl. ca. 307–mid 4th c.), T 2145.55.10a16–19; and a Kongque jing 孔雀經 in one fascicle which he says was excerpted from the Sheng jing 生經, 27b11. He also mentions that Śrīmitra translated the text in his biography of him, 99a13–14. (Unsurprisingly, a text entitled Mahāmāyūrī is first ascribed to Kumārajīva by Fei Changfang, who did so much to multiply the number of problematic ascriptions in our bibliographic record; T 2034.49.78b10). However, even Sengyou says that one of the texts he catalogues is merely a 'miscellany' 雜 of dhāraṇīs. Given this, and the jumbled present condition of T 986–988, even if Lévi is right that these three texts are vestiges of a single text, we certainly cannot be sure that they derive from Śrīmitra's version." Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Zürcher 1959/2007] Zürcher, Erik. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Third Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1959 (2007 reprint). — 354 n. 99 |
Kumārajīva’s 孔雀王咒經 T988, according to Zürcher, is the earliest attributed and datable version of the Mahāmāyurividyārājñi. However, Zürcher also notes that this text does not feature among the thirty-five translations ascribed to Kumārajīva in CSZJJ II. Entry author: Sophie Florence |
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[Demiéville 1953] Demiéville, Paul. “Les sources chinoises.” In L’Inde classique: Manuel des études indiennes, Tome II, by Louis Renou and Jean Filliozat, 398-463. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Hanoi: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1953. — 415-416 |
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Demiéville lists and discusses texts ascribed to Kumārajīva by Sengyou, namely T201 T223 T227 T235 T245(!) T262 T366 T456 T475 T613 T614 T616 T617 T1435 T1509 T1564 T1568 T1569 T1646. This implies that the ascription of all other texts ascribed to Kumārajīva in the Taishō is less secure than those ascriptions, on at least this count. This entry lists all such texts (all "Kumārajīva" texts EXCEPT those listed by Demiéville/Sengyou). [NOTE: Demiéville's list is to be used with caution. For example, as Lin Xueni points out (personal communication), he omits the Kuśalamūlasaṃparigraha 華首經 T657, even though it is in fact listed by Sengyou, CSZJJ T2145 (LV) 10c21. I have therefore corrected, and do NOT include T657 in this list of possibly dubious ascriptions.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936] Ono Genmyō 小野玄妙, Maruyama Takao 丸山孝雄, eds. Bussho kaisetsu daijiten 佛書解說大辭典. Tokyo: Daitō shuppan, 1933-1936 [縮刷版 1999]. — vol. 2, p. 326 |
Kuno Hōryū 久野芳隆 states that the 孔雀王呪經 T988 is an excerpt from the 佛母大孔雀明王經 T982 ascribed to Amoghavajra 不空, and that Huilin's 慧琳 Yiqie jing yin yi 音義 claims that the very first part of the text is a later addition. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 350-358 |
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In his discussion on Kumārajīva, Sakaino presents a list of titles newly ascribed to Kumārajīva in LDSBJ, and lists of titles that Fei took in groups for this purpose from the newly compiled catalogue of anonymous scriptures in CSZJJ 新集失譯錄. These new ascriptions are thus part of a very broad pattern that Sakaino traces in LDSBJ, whereby Fei gives random and baseless new ascriptions for titles treated as anonymous by Sengyou. Sakaino marks extant titles. This entry is associated with titles Sakaino marks as extant; we list all such texts in T still ascribed to Kumārajīva, the ascriptions for which thus probably derive from LDSBJ. Chan mi yao fa jing 禪祕要法經 (written 禪祕要經 in the list) T613 Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Kehong, d.u.] Kehong 可洪. Xinji zang jing yinyi suihan lu 新集藏經音義隨函錄 K1257. — K1257 (XXXIV) 878b10-c8 |
In a remarkable note, Kehong roundly criticises the notion that T988 could be buddhavacana, saying that it is couched in a "vulgar language that would never be spoken by a gentleman, let alone a sage". Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Fang 2014] Fang Guangchang 方广锠. "Yaoshi Fo tanyuan: dui 'Yaoshi Fo' Hanyi Fodian de wenxianxue kaocha 药师佛探源——对"药师佛"汉译佛典的文献学考察" Zongjiaoxue yanjiu 宗教学研究 2014, no. 4, 90-100. — 94-95 |
Fang Guangchang argues against the ascription of the Mahāmāyūrī vidyārājñī 孔雀王呪經 T988 to Kumārajīva. CSZJJ does not ascribe any such title to Kumārajīva, and only lists two versions of the text. Fajing also has no report of a Kumārajīva version. Thus, a supposed Kumārajīva version first appears in LDSBJ. KYL follows LDSBJ in this ascription (among five versions in total discussed by Zhisheng, as summarised by Fang 94-95). Fang notes that Bhaiṣajyaguru appears in no other text solidly ascribed to Kumārajīva. He also cites Kehong's criticism of the notion that this text could be buddhavacana, K1257 (XXXIV) 878b10-c8. Fang also states that elements in the content of T988 that are close to that of the apocryphal Tian gong jing 天公經. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 10c16-11a27 |
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In his own list of works of Kumārajīva in CSZJJ, Sengyou lists 35 works. The full list is given below, with identifications with texts extant in T (some identifications tentative). By contrast, the present T ascribes over 50 translation works to Kumārajīva (we do not count here T1775 or T1856). The ascription of the following works ascribed to Kumārajīva in T is not supported by Sengyou's list: T35, T123, T201, T245, T250, T307, T310(26), T335, T426, T484, T614, T617, T625, T703, T988, T1484, T1489, T1659, T2046, T2047, T2048. 新大品經二十四卷(偽秦姚興弘始五年四月二十二[三M]日於逍遙園譯出至六年四月二十三日訖), T223 Entry author: Michael Radich |
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