| Identifier | T0250 [T] |
| Title | 摩訶般若波羅蜜大明呪經 [T] |
| Date | [None] |
| Unspecified | unknown [CSZJJ] |
| Translator 譯 | Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什, 鳩摩羅, 究摩羅, 究摩羅什, 拘摩羅耆婆 [T] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No |
[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
|
|
|
No |
[Nattier 1992] Nattier, Jan. “The Heart Sūtra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?”Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 15, no. 2, (1992): 153-223. |
Nattier argues that the text of Xuanzang's version was probably composed in part upon the basis of Kumārajīva’s, and that the extant Sanskrit may be a rare case of a pre-modern back-translation from Chinese into Sanskrit. Entry author: Michael Radich |
|
|
|
No |
[Demiéville 1953] Demiéville, Paul. “Les sources chinoises.” In L’Inde classique: Manuel des études indiennes, Tome II, by Louis Renou and Jean Filliozat, 398-463. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Hanoi: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 1953. — 415-416 |
|
Demiéville lists and discusses texts ascribed to Kumārajīva by Sengyou, namely T201 T223 T227 T235 T245(!) T262 T366 T456 T475 T613 T614 T616 T617 T1435 T1509 T1564 T1568 T1569 T1646. This implies that the ascription of all other texts ascribed to Kumārajīva in the Taishō is less secure than those ascriptions, on at least this count. This entry lists all such texts (all "Kumārajīva" texts EXCEPT those listed by Demiéville/Sengyou). [NOTE: Demiéville's list is to be used with caution. For example, as Lin Xueni points out (personal communication), he omits the Kuśalamūlasaṃparigraha 華首經 T657, even though it is in fact listed by Sengyou, CSZJJ T2145 (LV) 10c21. I have therefore corrected, and do NOT include T657 in this list of possibly dubious ascriptions.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
|
|
No |
[Ono and Maruyama 1933-1936] Ono Genmyō 小野玄妙, Maruyama Takao 丸山孝雄, eds. Bussho kaisetsu daijiten 佛書解說大辭典. Tokyo: Daitō shuppan, 1933-1936 [縮刷版 1999]. — vol. 10, p. 274 |
Watanabe Baiyū 渡辺楳雄 points out that the ascription of the 摩訶般若波羅蜜大明呪經 T250 to Kumārajīva was first given by KYL. According to Watanabe, Shii 椎尾 claims that the ascription to Kumārajīva is correct, since not only are the tone and vocabulary of T250 Kumārajīva’s, but also a substantial part of it is identical to part of the Xiying chapter 習應品 of the Larger Prajñāpāramitā 大品般若 T223, translated by Kumārajīva. Watanabe also lists alternate translations to T250, which are: 般若波羅蜜多心經 T251 ascribed to Xuanzang 玄奘; Watanabe mentions Shiba’s 榛葉 works as a source for the same text in other languages. Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
|
|
|
No |
[Zacchetti 2015] Zacchetti, Stefano. “Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras.” In Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Volume One: Literature and Languages, edited by Jonathan Silk, Oskar von Hinüber, and Vincent Eltschinger, 171-209. Leiden: Brill, 2015. — 195-196 |
Zacchetti cites Watanabe, who argues that the ascription of T250 to Kumārajīva is to be rejected, suggesting instead that “this is probably a text composed in China on the basis of Kumārajīva’s translation of the Larger Prajñāpāramitā, with materials taken from Xuanzang’s translation of the Heart Sūtra.” Zacchetti concludes that Xuanzangs translation of 649 is therefore the earliest witness of the Heart Sūtra. Zacchetti cites Watanabe Shōgo 渡辺章悟. Hannya shingyō: tekusuto, shisō, bunka 般若心経 テキスト・思想・文化. Tokyo, 2009. 71-80. McRae, John."Ch'an Commentaries on the Heart Sūtra: Preliminary Inferences on the Permutation of Chinese Buddhism." JIABS 11, no. 2 (1988): 88-89. Entry author: Michael Radich |
|
|
|
No |
[CSZJJ] Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 10c16-11a27 |
|
In his own list of works of Kumārajīva in CSZJJ, Sengyou lists 35 works. The full list is given below, with identifications with texts extant in T (some identifications tentative). By contrast, the present T ascribes over 50 translation works to Kumārajīva (we do not count here T1775 or T1856). The ascription of the following works ascribed to Kumārajīva in T is not supported by Sengyou's list: T35, T123, T201, T245, T250, T307, T310(26), T335, T426, T484, T614, T617, T625, T703, T988, T1484, T1489, T1659, T2046, T2047, T2048. 新大品經二十四卷(偽秦姚興弘始五年四月二十二[三M]日於逍遙園譯出至六年四月二十三日訖), T223 Entry author: Michael Radich |
|
|
No |
[Watanabe 1990] Watanabe Shōgo 渡辺章悟. "Kyōroku kara mita Makahannyaharamitsu shinju kyō to Makahannyaharamitsu daimyōju kyō" 経録からみた『摩訶般若波羅蜜神呪経』と『摩訶般若波羅蜜大明呪経』." Indogaku Bukkyōgaku kenkyū 印度学仏教学研究 39, no. 1 (1990): 54-58. |
Watanabe explores the relationship between traditions about a (lost) Heart Sūtra ascribed to Zhi Qian 支謙, the Mohe bore boluomi shenzhou jing 摩訶般若波羅蜜神呪經, and the Mohe bore boluomi damingzhou jing 摩訶般若波羅蜜大明呪經 T250 ascribed to Kumārajīva, the oldest extant version of the text. He concludes that, despite the evidence from the catalogues, the ascription of the former to Zhi Qian and the latter to Kumārajiva is not reliable. According to the catalogues, there were two versions of the Shenzhou jing 神咒經 (A and B) and one of the Damingzhou jing 大明咒經 T250. In general, the traditional bibliographies divided into two lines: (1) on the one hand, Fajing's 法經 Zhongjing mulu 眾經目錄 T2146, echoed by Yancong's 彥琮 Zhongjing mulu 眾經目錄 T2147 and Jingtai's 靜泰 Zhongjing mulu 眾經目錄 T2148, assert that A and B are two different versions, and the translators are unknown (失訳). (2) On the other hand, Fei Changfang's 費長房 Lidai sanbao ji 歷代三寶記 T2034, which is itself a unreliable source, attributes A to Zhi Qian and does not mention B. The Datang neidian lu 大唐內典錄 T2149 and the Gujin yinjing tuji 古今譯經圖紀 T2152 follow the attribution of Fei Changfang, and remark that the translator of B is unknown. The Kaiyuan Shijiao lu 開元釋教錄 T2154 follows T2034 and considers A and B to be the same text (同本). T250 first appears in KYL, and is attributed to Kumārajīva. KYL is then followed in this regard by the Zhenyuan xinding Shijing mulu 貞元新定釋經目錄 T2157. Watanabe contends that T250 must be considered an apocryphon, composed upon the basis of the "Larger" Prajñāpāramitā T223 by Kumārajīva, and the "translation" of the Heart Sūtra 般若心經 T251 ascribed to Xuanzang. Entry author: Chia-wei Lin |
|