Text: T0447; 現在賢劫千佛名經

Summary

Identifier T0447 [T]
Title 現在賢劫千佛名經 [T]
Date 梁 [T]
Translator 譯 Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [T]

There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.

There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).

Assertions

Preferred? Source Pertains to Argument Details

No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Demiéville 1954]  Demiéville, Paul. “La Yogācārabhūmi de Saṅgharakṣa.” BÉFEO 44, no. 2 (1954): 339-436. — 368

Demiéville notes that 現在賢劫千佛名經 T447 is supposed to date to the Liang [闕譯人名，今附梁錄], and says that at the very least, it must be later than the 不思議功德諸佛所護念經 T445.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[CSZJJ]  Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 22b11

In Sengyou's Chu sanzang ji ji, T447 is regarded as an anonymous translation, that is to say, it is listed in the "Newly Compiled Continuation of the Assorted List of Anonymous Translations" 新集續撰失譯雜經錄 (juan 4):

賢劫千佛名經一卷(唯有佛名與[v.l. 異 M]曇無蘭所出四諦經千佛名異).

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Fei 597]  Fei Changfang 費長房. Lidai sanbao ji (LDSBJ) 歷代三寶紀 T2034. — T2034 (XLIX) 54c6, 69b10, 74b4

In LDSBK, one version of this title is listed among anonymous E. Han texts, for which Fei cites CSZJJ 僧祐律師出三藏記, Gu lu and Jiu lu 古舊二錄, and Dao'an. LDSBJ also gives the same title among a list of 120(!) texts it ascribes to Tanwulan, citing CSZJJ. It then lists the same title a third time in a list of 53 anonymous texts of the E. Jin.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Fajing 594]  Fajing 法經. Zhongjing mulu 眾經目錄 T2146. — T2146 (LV) 124b12-13

Fajing treats a title probably to be identified with this text as an offshoot/byproduct 別生 of the *Bhadrakalpika: 賢劫千佛名經一卷 右一經出賢劫經.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[CSZJJ]  Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 10b18

CSZJJ ascrbes T447 to Tanwulan. Elsewhere (in Fascicle 4), Sengyou also lists the same title a second time, among anonymous texts, with specific note that the two texts differ: 賢劫千佛名經一卷(唯有佛名與[v.l. 異 M]曇無蘭所出四諦經千佛名異).

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Ōno 1954]  Ōno Hōdō 大野法道. Daijō kai kyō no kenkyū 大乗戒経の研究. Tokyo: Risōsha 理想社, 1954. — 405

Ōno suggests that the historical context of “Sūtra on the One Thousand Buddha Names of the Present Auspicious Aeon” Xianzai Xian jie qian Fo ming jing 現在賢劫千佛名經 T447 can be approximately known from terms derived from or shared with other scriptures:

六重八重, from the Youpusai jie jing 優婆塞戒經 T1488 and the one-juan Shan jie jing 善戒經 (cf. 受十善戒經 T1486); also appears in the Ākāśagarbha Contemplation Sūtra 觀虛空藏經 (cf. 觀虛空藏菩薩經 T409), the Samantabhadra Contemplation Sūtra 普賢觀經 (cf. 觀普賢菩薩行法經 T277), and the Pusa wu fa chanhui wen 菩薩五法懺悔文 T1504;

三千威儀, from the 大比丘三千威儀經 T1470;

八萬律儀, from the “Sūtra of Brahma’s Net” 梵網經 T1484.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Ōno 1954]  Ōno Hōdō 大野法道. Daijō kai kyō no kenkyū 大乗戒経の研究. Tokyo: Risōsha 理想社, 1954. — 404-406

Ōno discusses relations between “Sūtra on the One Thousand Buddha Names of the Present Auspicious Aeon” 現在賢劫千佛名經 T447 and two other “one-thousand Buddha” 千佛 scriptures, on the Buddhas of the past and future: the Guoqu Zhuangyan jie qian Fo ming jing 過去荘嚴劫千佛名經 T446; and the Weilai Xingxiu jie qian Fo ming jing 未來星宿劫千佛名經 T448. He notes that among these three texts, content relating to confession is least developed in the “future” sūtra T448, and further that the “past” sūtra T446 contains part of the same confession rites 懺悔法 as the “present” sūtra T447, but those in T447 are “most complete” 最も整つた.

Ōno gives a theory of five stages in the development of these three “one-thousand Buddhas” 千佛 scriptures. These texts are treated as separate in the Korean and Ming editions, while in the Yuan edition they are combined together as the San jie san qian Fo ming jing 三劫三千佛名經 in three juan. Ōno thinks the text/s developed as follows:

1. The Xianjie qian Fo ming jing 賢劫千佛名經 in one juan.
The Xianjie qian Fo ming jing賢劫千佛名經 in one juan (cf. T447a/b) was adapted from the twentieth chapter, the “Qian Fo minghao pin” 千佛名號品 of the Bhadrakalpika 賢劫經 (cf. T425, ascribed to Dharmarakṣa). Ōno maintains that T447a/b should indeed be classified as an anonymous separate translation [as in the canon], rather an excerpted text compiled in China, since the translation style 譯文 is totally different from that of Dharmarakṣa [Ōno’s logic here is apparently that if T447 was excerpted from the Bhadrakalpika in China, we should see stylistic resemlances to Dharmarakṣa; since we do not, T447 must have been made into a separate text outside China, and translated independently of T425 – MR]. In CSZJJ, Sengyou lists this title in the section of extant anonymous scriptures 失譯有本部, but he also lists the same title among the words of Tanwulan 竺曇無蘭. According to Ōno, the Xianjie qian Fo ming jing has survived in the “Palace” (Kunaishō) canon 宮本 and in some exemplars 或種 of the Song edition 宋本.

2. The San qian Fo ming jing 三千佛名經 in one juan
The names of two thousand Buddhas of the past and future were added to the original form of the text [i.e. T447a/b], forming a San qian Fo ming jing 三千佛名經 in one juan. Sengyou lists this title in the section of extant anonymous scriptures 失譯有本部 of CSZJJ. This text probably featured elements of Amitabha worship, as the preface contains the phrase 生無量壽佛國、立大誓願.

3. The text was separated into three scriptures in their present form 現形
The portions of the text each listing one thousand Buddhas of each of the three times 三劫 became independent texts. The preface to the portion of the text on the Buddhas of the past 過去分 (T446) is about the three times, which is incongruent with the content of T446 alone, showing that the text was not modified when its parts were separated. The word present 現在 was probably added to the title of T447 when it was separated from the other two. The three scriptures is not listed in CSZJJ, but they are in LDSBJ, and survived in the Ming edition and in some exemplars of the Song edition 宋本. Fajing list the three titles, although classifying them as missing 缺本. Thus, the date at which the texts were separated should be between the end of the Liang 梁 period and the Sui period.

4. The three texts were (re)combined to form the San jie san qian Fo ming jing 三劫三千佛名經 in three juan
The separate three scriptures were then put together again, making the three-juan San jie san qian Fo ming jing 三劫三千佛名經. this scripture was first listed in KYL, has survived in the Yuan edition and in some exemplars of the Song edition. The title of each separate scripture is at the beginning of each juan, indicating that the three texts were put together again after they had first circulated separately for a time.

5. Contrition rites 懺悔法 were then added in the Korean edition 麗本
Contrition rites 懺悔法 were then added to T446 and T448. Ōno takes the [earliest end of] the versions of the texts in the lineage of the Three Editions (Song, Yuan, Ming) to be older than those in the Korean edition.

Ōno argues that stages 3, 4, and 5 in this development occurred in China, meaning that the resulting texts were strictly “Chinese compositions”, because:

5: the content of the added contrition rites 懺悔法 indicates that they were compiled in China.

3 and 4: The introduction 序分 uses material from the Lotus Sūtra, and the conclusion 結分 draws upon a section of 2 that Ōno refers to as the “general introduction for all three times” 三世総序 [apparently the introduce or preface preserved in T446, but referring to all three times as mentioned above].

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

No

[Bie lu (DH mss)]  "Liu Song" Zhongjing bie lu 劉宋眾經別錄, S.2872, P.3747. Dating complex and unclear.

In the "Liu Song" Zhongjing bie lu 劉宋眾經別錄, as represented by a Dunhuang manuscript fragment, P.3747, the following titles are listed, which may correspond to extant texts (in some cases, identification is rather tentative). In contrast to some other titles, which are treated in separate CBC@ entries, these titles are listed in the Bie lu without any further accompanying information (e.g. about ascription or date). Note that the Bie lu includes interlinear notes giving such information, and the scope of application of those interlinear notes is sometimes uncertain: it can be hard to tell whether they apply only to the single title preceding the note, or to a group of titles leading up to the note; and if they apply to a group of titles, how many. Titles in the DH ms. Bie lu are identified by the numbering in Tan (1991), given at the beginning of each line.

S.2872
8 察微王經一卷 T152(90)
9 佛說一切施王所行檀波羅蜜經一卷 T152(13)
10 佛說薩羅國經一卷 T520
11 佛說長壽王經一卷 T161

P.3747
12 佛說道神足無極變化經四卷 T816
16 無量清浄經二卷 T361
18 阿育王息壞目因緣經一卷 T2045
21 藥王藥上菩薩觀經 T1161
24 千佛因[囙]緣住經一卷 T426
26 八部佛名一卷 T429
28 賢劫千佛名一卷 T447ab
30 滅罪得福成佛經 T2871?
32 三慧經一卷 T768
37 未曾有因緣經二卷 T754
40 佛說四天王經 T590?
43 樂瓔珞莊嚴方便經一卷 T566
45 佛說仁王般若波羅蜜經一卷 T245
46 佛說遺日摩尼寶經一卷 T350
47 分別業報略經一卷 T723
48 勸發諸王要偈一卷 T1673
49 佛說淨除業障經一卷 T1494
54 觀世樓炭經一卷 T23?
55 雜阿鋡經五十卷 T99
56 雜譬喻經六卷 ?? cf. T204-T208
57 法尚住經 T819
58 婆須蜜菩薩 T1549
60 三歸五戒厭離經一卷 T72
61 分別功德經 T1507
64 權方便經 T565
68 優婆塞戒經七卷 T1488
70 後出阿彌陀佛偈一卷 T373
76 僧伽羅刹經三卷 T194
78 密迹金剛力士經五卷 T310(3)

Many of these same titles are treated as anonymous and extant in CSZJJ fascicle 4. The same is also true of a number of titles not listed here, because the texts in question appear not to be extant.

Texts presently ascribed to Dharmarakṣa and to Zhi Qian (excepting T361) are excluded from this entry, because they are treated in other CBC@ entries.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit