| Identifier | T0701 [T] |
| Title | 佛說溫室洗浴眾僧經 [T] |
| Date | [None] |
| Author | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Ui 1971] |
| Unspecified | Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Sakaino 1935] |
| Translator 譯 | Dharmarakṣa 竺法護, 曇摩羅察 [Demiéville 1985] |
There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.
There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).
| Preferred? | Source | Pertains to | Argument | Details |
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[T] T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014. |
Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Demiéville 1985] Demiéville, Paul. Buddhism and Healing: Demiéville's Article ‘Byō’ from Hôbôgirin. Translated by Mark Tatz. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985 — 74 |
Demiéville says that the text should rightly be ascribed to Dharmarakṣa. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Salguero DDB] Salguero, Pierce. DDB s.v. 溫室洗浴眾僧經. — Accessed July 26 2014. |
Salguero says: "Translated by Dharmarakṣa 竺法護 (233–310), mistakenly attributed to An Shigao 安世高 (fl. 148–170)". In a private communication, he provided these references: Demiéville “Byō" (1985: 74); Boucher’s dissertation (1996: 278); Heirman & Torck (2012): 56–57. [MR: I only read Boucher as suggesting that we compare T701 to a similar title listed under Dharmaraksa's name by Sengyou (as extant). I do not read him as asserting that the existing T701 is in fact Dharmaraksa's text. Demiéville really does say outright it should be reascribed to Dharmarakṣa.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Zürcher 1959/2007] Zürcher, Erik. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Third Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1959 (2007 reprint). — 33, 331 n. 82 |
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According to Zürcher, the ascription of this text to An Shigao is not supported by the earliest external evidence. Zürcher says that Dao'an ascribes 34 texts in total to An Shigao. Setting aside T32 (see below), only 19 of the remaining 30 texts on Dao'an's list are extant: T13, T14, T31, T36, T48, T57, T98, T105, T109, T112, T150a, T150b, T397, T602, T603, T605, T607, T792, and T1557. This implies that other ascriptions to An Shigao in the modern (Taishō) canon are more open to question. This record lists all such texts: T16, T91, T92, T131, T140, T149, T151, T167, T348, T356, T492, T506, T525, T526, T551, T553, T554, T604, T621, T622, T684, T701, T724, T729, T730, T731, T732, T733, T734, T779, T791, T1467, T1470, T1492, T2027. [NOTE: Dao'an ascribed four texts to An Shigao only with hesitation. Three are no longer extant; the only extant text among them is T32. See separate entry on T32.] [NOTE: In a later publication (Zürcher 1991) Zürcher came to the opinion that T1508 should also be ascribed to An Shigao---JN/MR.] Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Nattier 2014] Nattier, Jan. “Now You Hear It, Now You Don’t: The Phrase ‘Thus Have I Heard’ in Early Chinese Buddhist Translations.” In Buddhism Across Asia: Networks of Material, Intellectual and Cultural Exchange, edited by Tansen Sen, 39-64. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014. — 45 |
Nattier notes briefly that the 溫室洗浴眾僧經 T701 is ascribed to An Shigao 安世高 in the Taishō, but to Dharmarakṣa by Sengyou. Nattier also notes that this text is one of only four translation texts featuring a highly unusual version of the opening formula, evaṃ mayā śrutam: 阿難曰：吾[昔]從佛聞如是. The other texts are 羅云忍辱經 T500, ascribed to Faju 法炬 in the Taishō; Udānavarga 出曜經 T212, ascribed to Zhu Fonian 竺佛念; and the Zhong benqi jing 中本起經 T196 by Kang Mengxiang 康孟詳. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Ui 1971] Ui Hakuju 宇井伯寿. Yakukyōshi kenkyū 譯經史研究. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1971. — 445-446 |
In his Yakukyōshi kenkyū 譯經史研究, Ui maintains that quite a few scriptures ascribed to An Shigao 安世高 in the Taishō are in fact not his work but wrongly ascribed to him by LDSBJ. Ui lists 34 titles in the Taishō ascribed to An Shigao and explains why those ascriptions are incorrect one by one. The Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing 温室洗浴衆僧經 (T701) is one of those 34 titles. Ui’s main reasons for rejecting the ascription of it to An Shigao are as follows: - In CSZJJ, the title Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing is not listed, but there is a Yu seng gongde jing 浴僧功徳經 in 1 juan, classified as anonymous, and a Wenshi jing 温室經 in 1 juan ascribed to Dharmarakṣa 法護 with the alternate title Wenshi xijing zhongseng jing 温室洗浄衆僧經. - LDSBJ lists a Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing in 1 juan ascribed to An Shigao, and another Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing in 1 juan ascribed to Dharmarakṣa with the alternate titleWenshi jing 温室經, stating that the record is based on Nie Daozhen’s catalogue 聶道眞錄. Ui maintains that the latter text ascribed to Dharmarakṣa is likely to have existed. - KYL also lists a Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing in 1 juan ascribed to An Shigao, citing LDSBJ, with the alternate title Wenshi jing 温室經, and a Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing 温室洗浴衆僧經 in 1 juan ascribed to Dharmarakṣa with the alternate title Wenshi jing , citing the Nie Daozhen catalogue and CSZJJ as sources. - Ui points out that the style, vocabulary and content of T701 are not that of An Shigao, and infers that T701 is actually the text translated by Dharmarakṣa. - There is a commentary on T701 written by Huijing 慧浄 of the Tang period, which is contained in the Taishō (T2780). T701 is also quoted in some other treatises 論. - However, Ui does not think that T701 was originally produced in India, because it is highly likely that Gautama Buddha used cold water for bathing, not hot water as described in T701. Thus, the ascription to An Shigao should be rejected. In his general discussion of titles wrongly ascribed to An Shigao (450-452), Ui emphasizes that those ascriptions were retained in the Taishō due to the direct influence of KYL, which accepted the majority of the ascriptions given by LDSBJ (according to Ui, LDSBJ claims 176 scriptures in 197 fascicles were translated by An Shigao, while KYL states that he translated 95 scriptures in 105 fascicles). Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Heirman and Torck 2012] Heirman, Ann and Mathieu Torck. A Pure Mind in a Clean Body: Bodily Care in the Buddhist Monasteries of Ancient India and China. Academia Press, Ghent, 2012. — 33-34, 56-57 n. 39 |
Heirman and Torck state that the attribution of T701 to An Shigao is probably incorrect, and the text is probably later. They note that the attribution to An Shigao is carried in LDSBJ and KYL. However, Fajing ascribes the same title to Dharmarakṣa, "which might be a more correct attribution". They note that the attribution to An Shigao was already known by Jingying Huiyuan. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Salguero 2014] Salguero, C. Pierce. Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014. — 46-47; 161 n. 14; 76-78; 166 n. 28; 126 |
Salguero says that Dharmarakṣa “should...be credited with the translation of” T701 and “some portion of” T553 and T554, “both texts that are erroneously attributed to An Shigao”. On this attribution for T701, he cites Demiéville (1985): 74; Boucher (1996): 278; and Heirman and Torck (2012): 56-57 n. 39. On T553/T554, he cites Salguero (2009). He adds (126): "In reality, the contents [of T553/T554] represent a patchwork of material cherry-picked from various sources, including perhaps a text translated by Dharmarakṣa's team in the third to fourth centuries, but certainly excerpts from Vinaya texts and adaptations of material from biographies of famous Chinese physicians found in the secular dynastic histories." Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Sakaino 1935] Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 71-75 |
Sakaino maintains that the following 13 texts ascribed to An Shigao in LDSBJ were taken from a list of Dharmarakṣa’s works in CSZJJ, and calls the resulting information "erroneous and confused" 誤傳混同: - 溫室洗浴眾僧經 [cf. T701 ascribed to An Shigao] Entry author: Atsushi Iseki |
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[Kamata 1982] Kamata Shigeo 鎌田茂雄. Chūgoku bukkyō shi, dai ikkan: Shodenki no bukkyō 中国仏教史 第一巻 初伝期末の仏教. Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982. — 149-154 |
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Kamata discusses ascriptions to An Shigao, and is willing, on various grounds, to accept the ascriptions for T13, T14, T31, T32, T48, T57, T98, T112, T150A, T150B, T397(17), T602, T603, T607, and T1557. This implies that in Kamata's opinion, the ascriptions for all other texts attributed to An Shigao in T are less reliable, namely, T16, T36, T91, T92, T105, T109, T131, T140, T149, T151, T167, T348, T356, T492, T506, T525, T526, T551, T553, T554, T604, T605, T621, T622, T684, T701, T724, T729, T730, T731, T732, T733, T734, T779, T791, T792, T1467, T1470, T1492, and T2027. This entry lists all the texts in this latter group. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Jiu lu CSZJJ] Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 8a14-15 |
Sengyou cites a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 as a source for information about the 溫室經 [cf. T701]: 溫室經一卷(舊錄云溫室洗浴眾僧經) Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Jiu lu CSZJJ] Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 7b12-9c4 |
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In the section of the 新集經論錄, CSZJJ Fascicle 2, on Dharmarakṣa, Sengyou lists the following 32 texts for which a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 is cited in evidence in interlinear notes. He cites the Jiu lu for information about alternate titles. 賢劫經七卷, cf. T425 Sengyou also cites the Jiu lu for the 超日明經 T638, which, according to his information, was translated initially by Dharmarakṣa and then revised and abridged by Nie Chengyuan 聶承遠. Entry author: Michael Radich |
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[Lin 2003] Lin Meicun 林梅村. "Niya chutu Quluwen 'Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing' canjuan kao" 尼雅出土佉卢文<温室洗浴众僧经>残卷考. Beijing Daxue Dongfang Xueyuan 北京大学东方学院, Shanghai Longhuasi 上海龙华寺, eds., Hualin 华林 3, 107-126. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju，2003. |
Lin Meicun proposes that Niya documents nos. 511r+647 are parts of the *Jentāka-snātra-gaṇottama-sūtra, which corresponds to the Wenshi xiyu zhongseng jing 佛說溫室洗浴眾僧經 T701. He finds that eight out of the eleven verses in Niya 511r+647 match the verses in T701, though they are not exact matches. [However, Lin follows the Taishō edition and mistakenly attributes T701 to An Shigao --- LQ.] Entry author: Lin Qian |
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[Lu 1989] Lu, Cheng. “Dharmarakṣa.” In Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, Volume 4, edited by W. G. Weeraratne, 552–54. Sri Lanka: Department of Buddhist Affairs, 1989. — 553 |
Lu writes that ten texts ascribed to other translators in T have been "found" to be "translated by Dharmarakṣa". Lu gives no references or arguments in support of this assertion. The texts in question are: *Sigālovāda-sūtra 尸迦羅越六方禮經 T16 Entry author: Michael Radich |
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