Text: T0399; 寶女所問經; 寶女三昧經

Summary

Identifier T0399 [T]
Title 寶女所問經 [T]
Date May 26, 287 [Boucher 1996]
Unspecified Anonymous (China), 失譯, 闕譯, 未詳撰者, 未詳作者, 不載譯人 [Okabe 1963]
Translator 譯 Dharmarakṣa 竺法護, 曇摩羅察 [CSZJJ]

There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.

There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).

Assertions

Preferred? Source Pertains to Argument Details

No

[Kawano 2006]  Kawano Satoshi 河野訓. Shoki kan'yaku butten no kenkyū: Jiku Hōgo o chūshin to shite 初期漢訳仏典の研究 : 竺法護を中心として. Ise: Kōgakkan Daigaku Shuppanbu, 2006. — Table 6, p. 87

On the basis of a complex examination of the evidence in the catalogues from CSZJJ to KYL (73-92), Kawano arrives at this corpus of 41 texts, which he thinks can most safely be ascribed to Dharmarakṣa and dated, in order to construct a basis for examining Dharmarakṣa's corpus for the development of translation idiom over the course of his career. This note lists that corpus. Kawano arrives at this corpus on the basis of the following criteria: (1) He accepts texts which were probably dated in the original CSZJJ, as represented by the Koryŏ (Kawano shows that the version of CSZJJ received via the Song[-Yuan-Ming] line of transmission includes a large set of problematic additional dates); (2) He accepts texts first dated in Fajing, as long as the date was accepted by Zhisheng in KYL; (3) He rejects texts for which a translation date first appears in LDSBJ; (4) He adds one further text (T810) that can be dated on the basis of a (very early manuscript) colophon.

[Note: This list includes four (or five?) lost texts, and a couple of texts ascribed to other translators in the received canon. The number of lost texts is uncertain, because the list includes a 無量壽經, which some modern scholars would be inclined to identify with T360 ascribed to Kang Sengkai 康僧鎧---MR.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[CSZJJ]  Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145:55.7b12-8c9

In the list of texts ascribed to Dharmarakṣa by Dao'an, 28 bear dates. One of these (the 五蓋疑結失行經) has a note saying that Dao'an did not think it looked like a Dharmarakṣa text. This note lists the remaining 27. [Zürcher (2007): 66 suggests that this may be evidence that "in these cases [Dao'an's] attribution was based upon early dated colophons", which may mean that these attributions can be regarded as some of the strongest in the Dharmarakṣa corpus, on external grounds.]
光讚經十卷(十七品太康七年十一月二十五日出) T222
賢劫經七卷(舊錄云賢劫三昧經或云賢劫定意經元康元年七月二十一日出) T425
正法華經十卷(二十七品舊錄云正法華經或云方等正法華經太康七年八月十日出) T263
普耀經八卷(三十品安公云方等部永嘉二年五月出) T186
大哀經七卷(二十八品舊錄云如來大哀經元康元年七月七日出) T398
度世品經六卷(或云度世或為五卷元康元年四月十三日出) T292
密迹經五卷(或云密迹金剛力士經或七卷太康九年十月八日出) T310(3)
持心經六卷(十七品一名等御諸法一名莊嚴佛法舊錄云持心梵天經或云持心梵天所問經太康七年三月十日出) T585
修行經七卷(二十七品舊錄云修行道地經太康五年二月二十三日出) T606
漸備一切智經十卷(或五卷元康七年十一月二十一日出) T285
海龍王經四卷(或三卷太康六年七月十日出) T598
普超經四卷(一名阿闍世王品安錄亦云更出阿闍世王經或為三卷舊錄云文殊普超三昧經太康七年十二月二十七日出) T627
阿惟越致遮經四卷(太康五年十月十四日出) T266
寶藏經二卷(舊錄云文殊師利寶藏經或云文殊師利現寶藏太始六年十月出) T461
寶結經二卷(一名菩薩淨行經舊錄云寶結菩薩經或云寶結菩薩所問經永熙元年七月十四日出) T310(47)
離垢施女經一卷(大康十年十二月二日出) T338
大淨法門經一卷(建始元年三月二十六日出) T817
須真天子經二卷(泰始二年十一月出) T588
魔逆經一卷(太康十年十二月二日出) T589
德光太子經一卷(或云賴吒和羅所問光德太子經太始六年九月三十日出) T170
文殊師利淨律經一卷(一本云淨律經太康十年四月八日出) T460
寶女經四卷(舊錄云寶女三昧經或云寶女問慧經太康八年四月二十七日出) T399
如來興顯經四卷(一本云興顯如幻經元康元年十二月二十五日出) T291
方等泥洹經二卷(或云大般泥洹經太始五年七月二十三日出) T378
大善權經二卷(或云慧上菩薩問大善權經或云慧上菩薩經或云善權方便經或云善權方便所度無極經太康六年六月十七日出) T345
滅十方冥經一卷(元熙元年八月十四日出) T435
普門經一卷(一本云普門品太康八年正月十一日出) T315

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Mei 1996]  Mei Naiwen 梅廼文. “Zhu Fahu de fanyi chutan 竺法護的翻譯初探.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 中華佛學學報 9 (1996): 49-64. — 54 n. 26

Mei begins with the 76 texts ascribed to Dharmarakṣa in the present Taishō which also appear in Sengyou. She then eliminates eight for the following reasons: five are listed as lost by Sengyou's time (T182, T288, T496, T558, T1301); T1301, moreover, contains details that makes it appear as if it may have been composed in China; T103 and T453 have been regarded as dubious by modern scholars (Gao Mingdao and Yinshun); and Sengyou's description of the 佛為菩薩五夢經 that he ascribes to Dharmarakṣa does not match T310(4). This leaves 68 texts Mei thinks can reliably be matched against Sengyou. This entry lists those 68 texts. [Note: Mei erroneously gives the number T627 for what is properly T636---MR.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Zürcher 1959/2007]  Zürcher, Erik. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Third Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1959 (2007 reprint). — 66

Zürcher states that in the list of texts ascribed to Dharmarakṣa by Dao'an, 29 bear dates [I actually count 28; further, one, the 五蓋疑結失行經, has a note saying that Dao'an did not think it looked like a Dharmarakṣa text, and so I also exclude it---MR]. This note lists the remaining 27. Zürcher suggests that this may be evidence that "in these cases [Dao'an's] attribution was based upon early dated colophons". [This may mean that these attributions can be regarded as some of the strongest in the Dharmarakṣa corpus, on external grounds.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Boucher 1996]  Boucher, Daniel. "Buddhist Translation Procedures in Third-Century China: A Study of Dharmarakṣa and his Translation Idiom." PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1996. — 275

In the appendix to his dissertation Boucher provides a list of ninety-five texts attributed to Dharmarakṣa by Sengyou in his Chu sanzang ji ji 出三藏記集 T2145, along with a note on relevant scholarship. Among these texts is the Baonü jing 寶女經 Mahāyānopadeśa-sūtra T399, which Sengyou dated May 26, 287. He adds that the text is also known as Baonü wenhui jing 寶女問慧經.

Entry author: Sophie Florence

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No

[Chen 2005]  Chen, Jinhua. "Some Aspects of the Buddhist Translation Procedure in Early Medieval China: With Special References to a Longstanding Misreading of a Keyword in the Earliest Extant Buddhist Catalogue in East Asia." Journal Asiatique 293.2 (2005): 603-662. — 657-661

Chen lists thirty-three texts discussed in Sengyou's Chu sanzang ji ji for which dates are given, but where those dates cannot be corroborated by any "translation documents" [meaning primary sources discussing circumstances etc. of translation, such as colophons]:

Fangdeng nihuan jing 方等般泥洹經 T378;
Deguang taizi jing 德光太子經 T170;
Baozang jing 文殊師利現寶藏經 T461;
Da shanquan jing 慧上菩薩問大善權經 T345;
Hailong-wang jing 海龍王經 T598;
Puchao jing 文殊師利普超三昧經 T627;
Pumen jing 普門品經 T315;
Baonü jing 寶女所問經 T399;
Miji jing 密跡經 K[oryŏ taijanggyŏng = 高麗大藏經]997;
Ligoushi nü jing 離垢施女經 T338;
Baoji jing 大寶積經 T310;
Dushi pin jing 度世品經 T292;
Rulai xingxian jing 如來興顯經 T291;
Shoulengyan jing 首楞嚴經;
Wugai yijie shixing jing 五蓋疑結失行經;
Mie shifang ming jing 滅十方冥經 T435;
Dajing famen jing 大淨法門經 T817;
San fadu 三法度;
Puyao jing 普耀經;
Sitianwang jing 四天王經 T590;
Guangbo yanjing jing 大方廣普賢所說經 T268;
Chan miyao 五門禪經要用法 T619;
Fomu bannihuan jing 佛母般泥洹經 T145;
Nianfo sanmei jing 菩薩念佛三昧經 T414;
Pomo tuoluoni jing 無量門破魔陀羅尼經 T1014;
Za baozang jing 雜寶藏經 T203;
Fu fazing yinyuan jing 付法藏因緣傳 T2058;
Fangbianxin lun 方便心論 T1632;
Shanjian piposha lü 善見律毘婆沙 T1462;
Guanshiyin chanhui chuzui zhoujing 觀世音懺悔除罪咒經;
Shi'er yinyuan jing 十二因緣經;
Xuda zhangzhe jing 須達經 T73.

Entry author: Sophie Florence

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No

[Okabe 1963]  Okabe Kazuo 岡部和雄 . “Jiku Hōgo no yakkyō ni tsuite 竺法護の訳経について.” IBK 11, no. 1 (1963): 148-149.

Okabe’s main aim is to assess the reliability of Fei Changfang’s LDSBJ, using ascriptions to Dharmarakṣa as a test case. Okabe studies 40 ascriptions to Dharmarakṣa that appear for the first time in LDSBJ [T2034 (XLIX) 61c11-64c13], and concludes that they are highly unreliable. The same texts are generally already listed in Sengyou’s CSZJJ, but there, they appear as anonymous. In addition, the majority of these texts are identified by Sengyou as sūtras excerpted from larger collections, such as the Āgamas, the 六度集經 T152, the Mahāsaṃnipāta T397, the “Sūtra of the Wise and the Foolish” 賢愚經 T202, or Dharmarakṣa’s Jātaka 生經 T154.

Okabe gives the example of the Guangshiyin jing 光世音經, which is no longer extant, but which the records of other catalogues indicate was probably the Avalokiteśvara Chapter of Dharmarakṣa’s Saddharmapuṇḍarīka T263, circulated as an independent text. [This likelihood would be corroborated by the fact that 光世音 for Avalokiteśvara is probably confined to Dharmarakṣa’s works; I am grateful to Jan Nattier for pointing out this fact --- MR.] He also shows that another text in the list, the 蜜具經, which is lost but quoted in the Jing lü yi xiang 經律異相 T2121, is an excerpt from T154, with verbatim correspondences too close for it to be considered a separate translation of the same text. A third text, the 悉鞞梨天子詣佛說偈經, is also no longer extant, but Okabe shows by comparison, again with citation in the Jing lü yi xiang, that it was an excerpt from the Saṃyuktāgama. Another six texts (離睡經 T47, 受歲經 T50, 樂想經 T56, 尊上經 T77, 意經 T82 and 應法經 T83), Okabe argues, were excerpted from the Madhayamāgama, in part following Mizuno Kōgen’s arguments about vestiges of an alternate translation of the whole MĀ collection now split up and variously attributed among our extant texts. A final example, the 身觀經 T612, Okabe says is also “absolutely identical” with a Saṃyuktāgama text [see T101(9) = T101 (II) 495b7-c23], apart from scribal errors, etc., and Okabe says that LDSBJ’s ascription to Dharmarakṣa is therefore “utter nonsense”. On the strength of these examples, Okabe argues that all forty of the texts added to Dharmarakṣa’s name by LDSBJ should be disregarded. This record lists those forty texts (names are given as in LDSBJ, and may differ slightly from Taishō titles).

光世音經
蜜具經
身觀經 T612
悉鞞梨天子詣佛說偈經
離睡經 T47
受歲經 T50
樂想經 T56
尊上經 T77
意經 T82
應法經 T83
七女本經
寶女問慧經 (寶女所問經 T399)
女人慾熾荒迷經
夫那羅經
貧女為國王夫人經
寶日光菩薩問蓮華國相貌/寶日光明菩薩經
𥧝意經
彌勒菩薩為女身經
多聞經
四自在神通經
四未曾有經 T136
分別經 T738
閑居經
七寶經
盂蘭經 T685
腹使經
八陽經 T428
法社經
犯罪經
灌臘經 T391
貧窮經
四種人經
何苦經
邪見經 (cf. T93)
雜讚經
法觀經 T611
醫王經
目連?降龍經
梵王變身經
仁王般若波羅蜜經 (cf. T245)

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Suzuki 1995]  Suzuki Hiromi 鈴木裕美. “Koyaku kyōten ni okeru yakugo ni tsuite: Jiku Hōgo yakushutsu kyōten wo chūshin toshite 古訳経典における訳語について―竺法護訳出経典を中心として.” IBK 43, no. 2 (1995): 198-200.

Suzuki regards the texts listed in this entry as genuine Dharmarakṣa translations. She groups them into five types, on the basis of stylistic features:

A: T222, T588 , T636
A': T186, T263, T266, T285, T291, T292, T310, T310(3), T310(47), T345, T398, T403, T460, T461, T565, T606, T627, T817
B: T585
B': T338
C: T103, T170, T182AB, T199, T283, T315AB, T317, T342, T349, T378, T399, T425, T435, T459, T481, T589, T598, T737

Entry author: Michael Radich

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No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 174-177, 181

Sakaino presents a list of twenty-seven titles ascribed to Dharmarakṣa, which KYL claimed should be excised as excerpts 別抄 (174-175). According to Sakaino, among the twenty-seven titles, six were already listed as Dharmarakṣa’s work in CSZJJ, while the remaining twenty-one titles were taken by Fei from Sengyou’s “newly compiled catalogue of anonymous scriptures” 新集失譯錄 of CSZJJ. Sakaino states that it is clear that Fei took those anonymous titles from CSZJJ and attributed to Dharmarakṣa, without any evidential basis. (This entry is associated with two extant titles possibly to be associated with titles among the twenty-seven.)

[Note: It is puzzling that Sakaino presents this evidence as if it features in Zhisheng's KYL, whereas in fact, he seems to be referring to Yuanzhao's 圓照 continuation of that catalogue, the 貞元新定釋教目錄, T2157 (LV} 794b13-c5 --- MR.]

Sakaino also claims that [this catalogue] went too far in excising all twenty-seven titles. This is because, an excerpt 別抄 should be the same text as a certain part of a larger text, whereas the cataloguer here excises texts including alternate translations 異譯, that is to say, texts with the same content, but not necessarily the exact same text. According to Sakaino, those alternate translations should not have been excised. For example, the catalogue states that the Pusa hui guo jing 菩薩悔過經[cf. 文殊悔過經? T459 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa] should be excised as an excerpt from the 十住論, but rather, that the 十住毘婆沙 was translated by Buddhayaśas 佛陀耶舎. In addition, the 菩薩悔過經 is probably a totally different text from the 十住論 (181).

Here are the 27 titles the (Zhenyuan) Kaiyuan lu claims should be excised:

寶女問惠經 [寶女所問經? T399 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa] from 大集經
梵王變身經 from the 大集經
四自在神通經 from the 自在王經
金剛菩薩行經 from the Daśabhūmika 漸備經 [cf. 漸備一切智徳經 T285 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa]
光世音經 from the Lotus 法華 [cf. 正法華經T263 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa] 
寶日光明菩薩經 from the Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka 悲華經 [悲華經?? T157 ascribed to *Lokakṣema]
普首童眞經 from 普超三昧經 [cf. 文殊師利普超三昧經 T627 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa]
隨藍本經 from the 六度集經 [cf. 六度集經 T152 ascribed 康僧會]
馬王經 from the 六度集經 [cf. T152]
彌勒女身經 from the 六度集經 [cf. T152]
摩調王經from the 六度集經 [cf. T152]
菩薩悔過經 [cf. 文殊悔過經 T459 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa?] from the Daśabhūmika-śāstra 十住論
人從所來經 from人本欲生經 [cf. 人本欲生經 T14 ascribed to An Shigao]
貧窮經 from the Madhyamāgama 中阿含經 [cf. T26]
何苦經from the Madhyamāgama 中阿含經 [cf. T26]
七寶經 from the *Ekottarikāgama 増一阿含經 [cf. T125]
匿王經 from the Saṃyuktāgama 雜阿含
悉鞞梨天子詣佛説偈經from the Saṃyuktāgama雜阿含
四種人經 from the Saṃyuktāgama雜阿含
閑居經 from the *Jātaka 生經 [cf. 生經 T154 ascribed to Dharmarakṣa]
總持經 from 生經 [cf. T154]
腹使經 from 生經 [cf. T154]
密具經 from 生經 [cf. T154]
雜讃經 from 生經 [cf. T154]
女人欲熾荒迷經from 出曜經 [cf. Udānavarga 出曜經 T212 ascribed to Zhu Fonian 竺佛念]
多聞經 from 出曜經 [cf. T212]
寤意經 from 出曜經 [cf. T212]

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

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No

[Jiu lu CSZJJ]  Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 7c24-25

Sengyou cites a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 as a source for information about the 寶女經:

寶女經四卷(舊錄云寶女三昧經或云寶女問慧經太康八年四月二十七日出)

Entry author: Michael Radich

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  • Title: 寶女三昧經

No

[Jiu lu CSZJJ]  Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 7b12-9c4

In the section of the 新集經論錄, CSZJJ Fascicle 2, on Dharmarakṣa, Sengyou lists the following 32 texts for which a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 is cited in evidence in interlinear notes. He cites the Jiu lu for information about alternate titles.

賢劫經七卷, cf. T425
正法華經十卷, cf. T263
大哀經七卷, cf. T398
持心經六卷, cf. T585
修行經七卷, cf. T606
普超經四卷, cf. T627
嚴淨佛土經二卷, cf. T318
阿耨達經二卷, cf. T635
寶藏經二卷, cf. T461
寶結[v.l.髻YM]經二卷, cf. T310(47)
等集眾德三昧經三卷, cf. T381
寶女經四卷, cf. T399
五十緣身行經一卷, cf. T812
須摩經一卷, cf. T334
溫室經一卷, cf. T701
移山經一卷, cf. T135
文殊師利五體悔過經一卷, cf. T459
無思議孩童經一卷 (presumed lost)
迦葉集結經一卷 (perhaps lost, but cf. T2027)
寶罔[v.l.網SYM]童子經一卷, cf. T433
順權方便經二卷, cf. T565
五百弟子本起經一卷, cf. T199
佛為菩薩五夢經一卷 (presumed lost)
如幻三昧經二卷, cf. T342
胞胎經一卷, cf. T317
大六向拜經一卷 (presumed lost)
過去佛分衛經一卷, cf. T180
阿述達經一卷 (presumed lost)
給孤獨明德經一卷 (presumed lost)
龍施本起經一卷, cf. T588
猛施經一卷 (presumed lost)
菩薩齋法[+經M]一卷 (presumed lost)

Sengyou also cites the Jiu lu for the 超日明經 T638, which, according to his information, was translated initially by Dharmarakṣa and then revised and abridged by Nie Chengyuan 聶承遠.

Entry author: Michael Radich

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