Text: T0425; 賢劫經

Summary

Identifier T0425 [T]
Title 賢劫經 [T]
Date 300 [T425 Colophon]
Translator 譯 Dharmarakṣa 竺法護, 曇摩羅察 [CSZJJ]

There may be translations for this text listed in the Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages. If translations are listed, this link will take you directly to them. However, if no translations are listed, the link will lead only to the head of the page.

There are resources for the study of this text in the SAT Daizōkyō Text Dabatase (Saṃgaṇikīkṛtaṃ Taiśotripiṭakaṃ).

Assertions

Preferred? Source Pertains to Argument Details

No

[T]  T = CBETA [Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. Tokyo: Taishō shinshū daizōkyō kankōkai/Daizō shuppan, 1924-1932. CBReader v 5.0, 2014.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Kawano 2006]  Kawano Satoshi 河野訓. Shoki kan'yaku butten no kenkyū: Jiku Hōgo o chūshin to shite 初期漢訳仏典の研究 : 竺法護を中心として. Ise: Kōgakkan Daigaku Shuppanbu, 2006. — Table 6, p. 87

On the basis of a complex examination of the evidence in the catalogues from CSZJJ to KYL (73-92), Kawano arrives at this corpus of 41 texts, which he thinks can most safely be ascribed to Dharmarakṣa and dated, in order to construct a basis for examining Dharmarakṣa's corpus for the development of translation idiom over the course of his career. This note lists that corpus. Kawano arrives at this corpus on the basis of the following criteria: (1) He accepts texts which were probably dated in the original CSZJJ, as represented by the Koryŏ (Kawano shows that the version of CSZJJ received via the Song[-Yuan-Ming] line of transmission includes a large set of problematic additional dates); (2) He accepts texts first dated in Fajing, as long as the date was accepted by Zhisheng in KYL; (3) He rejects texts for which a translation date first appears in LDSBJ; (4) He adds one further text (T810) that can be dated on the basis of a (very early manuscript) colophon.

[Note: This list includes four (or five?) lost texts, and a couple of texts ascribed to other translators in the received canon. The number of lost texts is uncertain, because the list includes a 無量壽經, which some modern scholars would be inclined to identify with T360 ascribed to Kang Sengkai 康僧鎧---MR.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[CSZJJ]  Sengyou 僧祐. Chu sanzang ji ji (CSZJJ) 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145:55.7b12-8c9

In the list of texts ascribed to Dharmarakṣa by Dao'an, 28 bear dates. One of these (the 五蓋疑結失行經) has a note saying that Dao'an did not think it looked like a Dharmarakṣa text. This note lists the remaining 27. [Zürcher (2007): 66 suggests that this may be evidence that "in these cases [Dao'an's] attribution was based upon early dated colophons", which may mean that these attributions can be regarded as some of the strongest in the Dharmarakṣa corpus, on external grounds.]
光讚經十卷(十七品太康七年十一月二十五日出) T222
賢劫經七卷(舊錄云賢劫三昧經或云賢劫定意經元康元年七月二十一日出) T425
正法華經十卷(二十七品舊錄云正法華經或云方等正法華經太康七年八月十日出) T263
普耀經八卷(三十品安公云方等部永嘉二年五月出) T186
大哀經七卷(二十八品舊錄云如來大哀經元康元年七月七日出) T398
度世品經六卷(或云度世或為五卷元康元年四月十三日出) T292
密迹經五卷(或云密迹金剛力士經或七卷太康九年十月八日出) T310(3)
持心經六卷(十七品一名等御諸法一名莊嚴佛法舊錄云持心梵天經或云持心梵天所問經太康七年三月十日出) T585
修行經七卷(二十七品舊錄云修行道地經太康五年二月二十三日出) T606
漸備一切智經十卷(或五卷元康七年十一月二十一日出) T285
海龍王經四卷(或三卷太康六年七月十日出) T598
普超經四卷(一名阿闍世王品安錄亦云更出阿闍世王經或為三卷舊錄云文殊普超三昧經太康七年十二月二十七日出) T627
阿惟越致遮經四卷(太康五年十月十四日出) T266
寶藏經二卷(舊錄云文殊師利寶藏經或云文殊師利現寶藏太始六年十月出) T461
寶結經二卷(一名菩薩淨行經舊錄云寶結菩薩經或云寶結菩薩所問經永熙元年七月十四日出) T310(47)
離垢施女經一卷(大康十年十二月二日出) T338
大淨法門經一卷(建始元年三月二十六日出) T817
須真天子經二卷(泰始二年十一月出) T588
魔逆經一卷(太康十年十二月二日出) T589
德光太子經一卷(或云賴吒和羅所問光德太子經太始六年九月三十日出) T170
文殊師利淨律經一卷(一本云淨律經太康十年四月八日出) T460
寶女經四卷(舊錄云寶女三昧經或云寶女問慧經太康八年四月二十七日出) T399
如來興顯經四卷(一本云興顯如幻經元康元年十二月二十五日出) T291
方等泥洹經二卷(或云大般泥洹經太始五年七月二十三日出) T378
大善權經二卷(或云慧上菩薩問大善權經或云慧上菩薩經或云善權方便經或云善權方便所度無極經太康六年六月十七日出) T345
滅十方冥經一卷(元熙元年八月十四日出) T435
普門經一卷(一本云普門品太康八年正月十一日出) T315

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Mei 1996]  Mei Naiwen 梅廼文. “Zhu Fahu de fanyi chutan 竺法護的翻譯初探.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 中華佛學學報 9 (1996): 49-64. — 54 n. 26

Mei begins with the 76 texts ascribed to Dharmarakṣa in the present Taishō which also appear in Sengyou. She then eliminates eight for the following reasons: five are listed as lost by Sengyou's time (T182, T288, T496, T558, T1301); T1301, moreover, contains details that makes it appear as if it may have been composed in China; T103 and T453 have been regarded as dubious by modern scholars (Gao Mingdao and Yinshun); and Sengyou's description of the 佛為菩薩五夢經 that he ascribes to Dharmarakṣa does not match T310(4). This leaves 68 texts Mei thinks can reliably be matched against Sengyou. This entry lists those 68 texts. [Note: Mei erroneously gives the number T627 for what is properly T636---MR.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[T425 Colophon]  Anon. Chu Xian jie jing ji 出賢劫經記.

Translated in the year 300. Translated by Dharmarakṣa. Scribe(?) 筆者 was Zhao Wenlong 趙文龍.
賢劫經。永康元年七月二十一日。月支菩薩竺法護。從罽賓沙門得是賢劫三昧。手執口宣。時竺法友從洛寄來。筆者趙文龍。使其功德福流十方普遂蒙恩離於罪蓋。其是經者。次見千佛。稽受道化受菩薩決。致無生忍至一切法。十方亦爾.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Zürcher 1959/2007]  Zürcher, Erik. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Third Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1959 (2007 reprint). — 66

Zürcher states that in the list of texts ascribed to Dharmarakṣa by Dao'an, 29 bear dates [I actually count 28; further, one, the 五蓋疑結失行經, has a note saying that Dao'an did not think it looked like a Dharmarakṣa text, and so I also exclude it---MR]. This note lists the remaining 27. Zürcher suggests that this may be evidence that "in these cases [Dao'an's] attribution was based upon early dated colophons". [This may mean that these attributions can be regarded as some of the strongest in the Dharmarakṣa corpus, on external grounds.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Boucher 1996]  Boucher, Daniel. "Buddhist Translation Procedures in Third-Century China: A Study of Dharmarakṣa and his Translation Idiom." PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1996. — 261

In the appendix to his dissertation Boucher provides a list of ninety-five texts attributed to Dharmarakṣa by Sengyou in his Chu sanzang ji ji 出三藏記集 T2145, along with a note on relevant scholarship. Among these texts is the Xianjie jing 賢劫經 T425 which Sengyou dated September 1, 291.

Entry author: Sophie Florence

Edit

No

[Zürcher 1959/2007]  Zürcher, Erik. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Third Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1959 (2007 reprint). — 343 n. 221

Sengyou's CSZJJ preserves fifteen prefaces, postfaces and colophons to works ascribed to Dharmarakṣa. This entry lists those works; one, the Śūraṃgamasamādhi-sūtra, is no longer extant. [All other things being equal, the external evidence supporting the ascription to Dharmarakṣa for these texts should therefore be stronger than for other texts. I was unable to find the colophon Zürcher points to for T285---MR.]

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Suzuki 1995]  Suzuki Hiromi 鈴木裕美. “Koyaku kyōten ni okeru yakugo ni tsuite: Jiku Hōgo yakushutsu kyōten wo chūshin toshite 古訳経典における訳語について―竺法護訳出経典を中心として.” IBK 43, no. 2 (1995): 198-200.

Suzuki regards the texts listed in this entry as genuine Dharmarakṣa translations. She groups them into five types, on the basis of stylistic features:

A: T222, T588 , T636
A': T186, T263, T266, T285, T291, T292, T310, T310(3), T310(47), T345, T398, T403, T460, T461, T565, T606, T627, T817
B: T585
B': T338
C: T103, T170, T182AB, T199, T283, T315AB, T317, T342, T349, T378, T399, T425, T435, T459, T481, T589, T598, T737

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Sakaino 1935]  Sakaino Kōyō 境野黄洋. Shina Bukkyō seishi 支那佛教精史. Tokyo: Sakaino Kōyō Hakushi Ikō Kankōkai, 1935. — 194

The *Bhadrakalpika-sūtra 賢劫經 T425 was listed in LDSBJ as two different texts, 賢劫經 and 颰陀劫三昧經. KYL corrected this mistake.

Entry author: Atsushi Iseki

Edit

No

[Jiu lu CSZJJ]  Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 7b13-14

Sengyou cites a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 as a source for information about the 賢劫經:

賢劫經七卷(舊錄云賢劫三昧經或云賢劫定意經元康元年七月二十一日出)

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit

No

[Jiu lu CSZJJ]  Jiu lu 舊錄 as reported by CSZJJ 出三藏記集 T2145. — T2145 (LV) 7b12-9c4

In the section of the 新集經論錄, CSZJJ Fascicle 2, on Dharmarakṣa, Sengyou lists the following 32 texts for which a/the Jiu lu 舊錄 is cited in evidence in interlinear notes. He cites the Jiu lu for information about alternate titles.

賢劫經七卷, cf. T425
正法華經十卷, cf. T263
大哀經七卷, cf. T398
持心經六卷, cf. T585
修行經七卷, cf. T606
普超經四卷, cf. T627
嚴淨佛土經二卷, cf. T318
阿耨達經二卷, cf. T635
寶藏經二卷, cf. T461
寶結[v.l.髻YM]經二卷, cf. T310(47)
等集眾德三昧經三卷, cf. T381
寶女經四卷, cf. T399
五十緣身行經一卷, cf. T812
須摩經一卷, cf. T334
溫室經一卷, cf. T701
移山經一卷, cf. T135
文殊師利五體悔過經一卷, cf. T459
無思議孩童經一卷 (presumed lost)
迦葉集結經一卷 (perhaps lost, but cf. T2027)
寶罔[v.l.網SYM]童子經一卷, cf. T433
順權方便經二卷, cf. T565
五百弟子本起經一卷, cf. T199
佛為菩薩五夢經一卷 (presumed lost)
如幻三昧經二卷, cf. T342
胞胎經一卷, cf. T317
大六向拜經一卷 (presumed lost)
過去佛分衛經一卷, cf. T180
阿述達經一卷 (presumed lost)
給孤獨明德經一卷 (presumed lost)
龍施本起經一卷, cf. T588
猛施經一卷 (presumed lost)
菩薩齋法[+經M]一卷 (presumed lost)

Sengyou also cites the Jiu lu for the 超日明經 T638, which, according to his information, was translated initially by Dharmarakṣa and then revised and abridged by Nie Chengyuan 聶承遠.

Entry author: Michael Radich

Edit